Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Article Development of Microfibrillated Cellulose-Based Films From Globe Artichokes (cynara Scolymus)(Elsevier, 2023) Erguner, Merve (Samli); Harsa, Hayriye Sebnem; Ergüner, MerveThis research developed biodegradable packaging materials for fresh-cut artichokes using the waste of globe artichokes. The extraction of film-forming materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and wax fractions) was done with a mild alkaline extraction method. An environmentally friendly mechanical grinding method (Masuko Supermasscolloider) was chosen to produce cellulose microfibrils having 50-200 mu m length and 10-30 mu m width. The presence of micro fibrillated cellulose in films hindered the heat sealing ability, so using microfibrillated cellulose and Carboxymethyl cellulose together in films (with glycerol, stearic acid, and wax incorporation) exhibited better performance. Micro fibrillated cellulose and Carboxymethyl cellulose-based films have good elasticity (16 % strain), tensile strength (0.85 kg/mm), and seal ability (at 170-220 degrees C). Scanning Electron Microscope analyses showed films with smooth surfaces and dense structures (from the cross-sectional area).Article Mitotyping of Random Bred Cats and Pure Breed Cats (turkish Angora and Turkish Van) Using Non-Repetitive Mitochondrial Dna Control Region(Elsevier, 2024) Bilgen, Nuket; Guvendi, Mervenur; Sezgin, Efe; Can, Huseyin; Koseoglu, Ahmet Efe; Alak, Sedef Erkunt; Un, CemalThe Fertile Crescent appears to be the most plausible region where the domestication of cats commenced through a mutually beneficial relationship between wild cats and early agrarian societies. These domesticated cats then journeyed across the globe mirroring the paths of human migration. An examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region-based mitotyping suggested that a significant majority, exceeding 80%, of globally sampled random-bred and pure-bred cats could be categorized into 12 predominant mitotypes. However, the extent of mitotype diversity within random-bred cats from regions proximate to the Fertile Crescent remains inadequately explored. In light of this we aimed to investigate the mitotype diversity in random bred cats sampled from various regions across Turkey. Additionally, we sought to establish a comparison with the mito-type profiles of locally recognized pure breeds, namely the Turkish Angora and Turkish Van. To unravel their evolutionary narratives, we engaged in comprehensive population genetics analyses at both the individual and mitotype-based levels. Our study encompassed a sample size of 240 specimens, forming the basis for both mitotyping and population genetics scrutiny. Our analysis yielded the identification of nine 'universal' mitotypes (A-J), alongside an 'outlier' mitotype group I. Notably mitotypes A and D emerged as particularly prevalent in contrast to the lesser occurrence mitotypes C, G, and H. With the realm of random bred cats the structure of haplotypes exhibited remarkable diversity presenting distinctions from Turkish Angora and Van breeds. Nucleotide diversity was higher compared to previous reports from Turkey and was one of the highest among reported world cat population estimates. Intriguingly, our investigations did not unveil any pronounced instances of strong selection, population expansions or contractions within any specific population or mitotype. To conclude, our study represents a pioneering effort in uncovering the mitotype profiles and haplotype structures inherent to both random-bred and pure breed cats in Turkey. This endeavor not only broadens our understanding of the feline genetic landscape within the region but also lays the foundation for future inquiries into the evolutionary trajectories and genetic legacies of these feline populations.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 27Layer-By Assembly of Lysozyme With Iota-Carrageenan and Gum Arabic for Surface Modification of Food Packaging Materials With Improved Barrier Properties(Elsevier, 2022) Koca, Nazan; Bayramoğlu, BesteThe study aimed to investigate the surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of lysozyme (LZ) with two different polysaccharides, iota-carrageenan (IC) and gum arabic (GA), for food packaging applications. The effects of solution pH, adsorption time, elimination of intermediate drying steps were investigated. The LbL film growth was monitored up to 10 deposition steps by UV–Vis spectroscopy and in situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The most successful processing conditions for both types of coatings were pH 7–7 combination with intermediate drying and 20 min adsorption time. SPR pointed out a ‘dissolution/reconstruction’ mechanism in film formation. The thickness and surface morphology of the coatings were characterized by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughnesses of LZ/IC coatings were higher than that of LZ/GA coatings indicating a denser matrix in the latter. Deposition of 5 bilayers of LZ/IC and LZ/GA on BOPP resulted in 66.15% and 56.89% reduction in oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the film, respectively. The corresponding reductions in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were 28% and 33.52%, respectively. Elimination of intermediate drying steps resulted in less overall deposition, rougher surfaces, diminished oxygen and water barrier properties. The edible LbL coatings obtained in this study possess good gas barrier properties, which is very promising for their use in the preservation of fresh/fresh-cut produce in combination with modified atmosphere packaging applications. The results promise reduced use of plastic films in food packaging.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Development of a Functional Chocolate Using Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid Producer Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus Nrrl B-442(Elsevier, 2022) Özer, Merve; Öztürk, Burcu; Hayaloğlu, Ali Adnan; Tellioğlu Harsa, ŞebnemThe human microbiota is influenced by the immune and nervous systems of the host. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known as bioactive compound and it has important physiological functions, such as anti-hypertensive and antidepressant activities. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Lactobacillus species are known as the most important GABA producers because of the food-grade nature. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional chocolate using microencapsulated GABA producer Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NRRL B-442 strain for patients having an anxiety disorder. Water-in-oil emulsion technique was conducted for microencapsulation using whey-pullulan complex. Microencapsulated and free L. rhamnosus cell counts were 6.75 and 7.20 log CFU/g in chocolates, respectively, at the end of 60 days. During simulated in vitro digestion analysis, survival rate of microencapsulated bacteria in chocolate samples was found at higher percentage (87%) than free bacteria (75%). Furthermore, microencapsulated L. rhamnosus did not affect the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of chocolate. Consequently, L. rhamnosus with the highest GABA producing capability may provide insight for an anxiety disorder patient, since this strain has been thought as having a therapeutic effect. A new functional food model was developed for “GutBrain Axis” phenomena since the chocolate could be accepted as a good carrier for GABA producer bacteria.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 11Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Duodenal Self Assembly in the Presence of Different Fatty Acids(Elsevier, 2022) Tunçer, Esra; Bayramoğlu, BesteA comprehensive understanding of dietary mixed micelle formation in the presence of lipid digestion products is crucial for an effective design of nutraceutical delivery systems. This study aimed to investigate the duodenal self-assembly of bile lipids and fatty acids (FA) with different characteristics via coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that increase in FA chain length and unsaturation degree lead to micelles with lower/higher fractions of FAs/bile salts (BS), lower core and surface packing densities, decreased ordering of lipid tails, thus more fluid internal structures. Our findings provide molecular insight into the instability of intestinal colloidal structures composed of long unsaturated FAs. We show the correlation between FA unsaturation degree and lipid packing density is a significant factor in determining the intermicellar BS concentrations. Overall, this study advances the knowledge in the field by establishing a more integral relationship between the FA characteristics and micelle structural properties over a wider range of FA types through MD simulations.Article Citation - WoS: 35Citation - Scopus: 43Potential of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Adulteration Detection and Quality Assessment in Buffalo and Goat Milks(Elsevier, 2021) Şen, Sevval; Dündar, Zahide; Uncu, Oğuz; Özen, BanuAdulteration of higher priced milks with cheaper ones to obtain extra profit can be the cause of adverse health effects as well as economic loss. In this study, it was aimed to differentiate goat-cow and buffalo-cow milk mixtures and also to estimate the critical quality parameters of these milks by the evaluation of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data with chemometric methods. Raw goat and buffalo milks were mixed with cow milk at 1-50% (v/v) concentrations and FTIR spectra of the pure and mixed samples were obtained at 4000-650 cm-1. Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) resulted in differentiation of goat-cow and buffalo-cow milk mixtures with 93% and 91% correct classification rates, respectively. Detection level for mixing is determined as higher than 5% for both milks. Total fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solid contents were predicted from FTIR spectral data of the combination of three types of milks by partial least square models with R2 values of 0.99. As a result, FTIR spectroscopy provides rapid and simultaneous detection of adulteration and prediction of quality parameters regardless of the milk type.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Prediction of Vinegar Processing Parameters With Chemometric Modelling of Spectroscopic Data(Elsevier, 2021) Çavdaroğlu, Çağrı; Çavdaroğlu, Çağrı; Özen, Banu; Özen, Fatma BanuSpectroscopic methods have the advantages of being rapid and environmentally friendly and can be used in measurement and control of processing parameters during food production. It was aimed to predict several quality and chemical parameters of vinegar processing from UV-visible and mid-infrared spectroscopic profiles. Two processing lines of both traditional and submerged vinegar production from 2 separate grape varieties (green and red grapes) were monitored. Some of the important markers of the fermentation processes; pH, brix, total acidity, total flavonoid content, total and individual phenolic contents, organic acid, sugar, ethanol concentrations as well as UV-visible and mid-infrared spectra were obtained during both types of vinegar processing and quality and chemical parameters were predicted from spectroscopic data using chemometric methods. Individual UV-visible and mid-infrared spectral profiles along with low level of data fusion were used in building of chemometric prediction models. Accurate, reliable and robust prediction models (R(2)cal and R(2)val >0.9) were obtained for quality parameters mostly with combination of two spectroscopic datasets. Predictive models used for phenolic components were below average except for p-coumaric and syringic acids. Citric and acetic acids were the most accurately estimated ones among organic acids along with ethanol. Close agreements between reference and predicted values were obtained during the monitoring of changes of some quality parameters for vinegar fermentation process through rapid and simultaneous spectroscopic measurements.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Developing a Functional Lozenge With Microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus Pentosus To Improve Oral and Dental Health(Elsevier, 2021) Elvan, Menşure; Baysal, Ayşe Handan; Tellioğlu Harsa, ŞebnemIn this study, a functional lozenge was developed by using microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus pentosus NRRL-B 227. Antimicrobial activity of L. pentosus was determined to find out the efficiency on cariogenic and pathogen microorganisms that are known to cause dental caries and gum diseases. Streptococcus mutans is a well-known cariogenic strain, which easily converts sugars to acids and exert adverse effects on dental health. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen when body resistance is weak, it becomes dominant in the mouth, causing disruption of oral health. Within this context, by applying several methods (e.g. broth microdilution, disc diffusion, agar overlay and planktonic culture assays), L. pentosus showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. mutans ATCC 25175 and C. albicans DSMZ 5817, respectively. Thus, three different lozenge formulation were produced such as; CL control formulation without cells, CPL formulation containing micro encapsulated cells and FPL formulation containing free cells. The microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial studies were carried out for all formulations stored at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Among these, CPL was found to be more stable than FPL, since microencapsulation with Pullulan/WPC water-in-oil emulsion play a protective role. L. pentosus viability has been lost after 1 month at 25 degrees C, however the viability was maintained without significant reduction at 4 degrees C in case of CPL samples. In the light of findings, lozenge formulation incorporated with L. pentosus can be considered as potential antimicrobial to improve oral health and therefore may become a promising candidate to contribute to the range of functional food products.Article Citation - WoS: 69Citation - Scopus: 89Pectinase Enzyme-Complex Production by Aspergillus Spp. in Solid-State Fermentation: a Comparative Study(Elsevier, 2012) Heerd, Doreen; Yeğin, Sırma; Tarı, Canan; Fernandez Lahore, MarceloA comparative evaluation of three Aspergillus species according to their pectinase production in solid-state fermentation was performed. Solid-state fermentation offers several potential advantages for enzyme production by fungal strains. Utilization of agricultural by-products as low-cost substrates for microbial enzyme production resulted in an economical and promising process. The pectinolytic enzyme activities of two Aspergillus sojae strains were compared to a known producer, Aspergillus niger IMI 91881, and to A. sojae ATCC 20235, which was re-classified as Aspergillus oryzae. Evaluation of polymethylgalacturonase and polygalacturonase activity was performed as well as exo- vs. endo-enzyme activity in the crude pectinase enzyme-complex of the mentioned strains. Furthermore, a plate diffusion assay was applied to determine the presence and action of proteases in the crude extracts. A. sojae ATCC 20235 with highest polymethylgalacturonase activity and highest polygalacturonase activity both exo- and endo-enzyme activity, is a promising candidate for industrial pectinase production, a group of enzymes with high commercial value, in solid-state fermentation processes. Beside the enzymatic assays a protein profile of each strain is given by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and in addition species-specific zymograms for pectinolytic enzymes were observed, revealing the differences in protein pattern of the A. sojae strains to the re-classified A. oryzae. (C) 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Comparison of Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization (roll) and Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization (moll) for Non-Palpable Lesions: a Phantom Model Study(Elsevier, 2020) Aydoğan, Tumay; Sezgin, Efe; İlvan, Şennur; Yılmaz, Osman Cem; Aslan, Nesrin; Golshan, Mehra; Aydoğan, FatihWe sought to compare radio-guided localization and magnetic tracer localization techniques by using a phantom model for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. There was no difference between the groups in the duration of operative excision, specimen weight, or specimen volume. Magnetic occult lesion localization can be performed in clinics without the need for a nuclear medicine team and radiation safety procedures. Background: Localization of nonpalpable breast cancers can be achieved with several techniques. We sought to compare radio-guided localization (ROLL) and magnetic tracer localization (MOLL) techniques by using a phantom model we previously developed, which can provide an accurate simulation for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. Materials and Methods: We designed 20 phantom models (10 MOLL, 10 ROLL group) for localization. A handheld gamma probe for the ROLL group and a manual magnetometer (SentiMag) for the MOLL group were used to test the ability of the modality to detect olives in turkey breasts. The excision time for each procedure, specimen size, and weight of the specimens removed from the turkey breasts were recorded. Results: Both techniques resulted in 100% retrieval of the lesions. There was no difference between the groups in the duration of operative excision, specimen weight, or specimen volume. Conclusion: This experimental trial found similar success rates for ROLL and MOLL in localization of occult lesions using the turkey breast phantom model. MOLL can be performed in clinics without the need for a nuclear medicine team and radiation safety procedures. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.