Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Exploring Noncentrifugal Sugar as a Partial Replacement for White Sugar in Low Methoxyl Pectin Confectionery Gels: Impacts on Physical and Rheological Properties
    (American Chemical Society, 2024) Fakhar, Hafiz Imran; Çavdaroğlu, Elif; Hayat, Muhammad Qasim; Janjua, Hussnain A.; Oztop, Mecit Halil
    Noncentrifugal sugar (NCS) is an unrefined, dark brown sugar containing minerals and plant secondary metabolites, unlike refined white sugar (WS). This study explored using NCS in confectionary jellies as an alternative sugar. We used different concentrations of NCS and WS to prepare low methoxyl pectin (LMP) confectionery gels characterized by their physical and rheological properties along with time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) relaxometry. The strongest LMP gel, with a hardness of 0.94 N, was achieved by substituting 25% of WS with NCS at a low CaCl2 concentration (0.075 M). Gels with up to 50% WS replaced by NCS showed comparable hardness to standard LMP gels made solely with WS at a 0.15 M CaCl2 concentration, attributed to NCS's unique constituents. The NCS-WS gel exhibited the shortest T2 values (139.8 ms) and self-diffusion coefficient values (4.99 x 10-10 m2/s), indicating a denser, more cross-linked structure that restricted water mobility. These findings suggest NCS's complex role in affecting LMP gels' chemical and physical properties, highlighting its potential as a partial WS replacement in LMP gelation-based products, with an additional source of minerals and antioxidants.
  • Article
    Mitotyping of Random Bred Cats and Pure Breed Cats (turkish Angora and Turkish Van) Using Non-Repetitive Mitochondrial Dna Control Region
    (Elsevier, 2024) Bilgen, Nuket; Guvendi, Mervenur; Sezgin, Efe; Can, Huseyin; Koseoglu, Ahmet Efe; Alak, Sedef Erkunt; Un, Cemal
    The Fertile Crescent appears to be the most plausible region where the domestication of cats commenced through a mutually beneficial relationship between wild cats and early agrarian societies. These domesticated cats then journeyed across the globe mirroring the paths of human migration. An examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region-based mitotyping suggested that a significant majority, exceeding 80%, of globally sampled random-bred and pure-bred cats could be categorized into 12 predominant mitotypes. However, the extent of mitotype diversity within random-bred cats from regions proximate to the Fertile Crescent remains inadequately explored. In light of this we aimed to investigate the mitotype diversity in random bred cats sampled from various regions across Turkey. Additionally, we sought to establish a comparison with the mito-type profiles of locally recognized pure breeds, namely the Turkish Angora and Turkish Van. To unravel their evolutionary narratives, we engaged in comprehensive population genetics analyses at both the individual and mitotype-based levels. Our study encompassed a sample size of 240 specimens, forming the basis for both mitotyping and population genetics scrutiny. Our analysis yielded the identification of nine 'universal' mitotypes (A-J), alongside an 'outlier' mitotype group I. Notably mitotypes A and D emerged as particularly prevalent in contrast to the lesser occurrence mitotypes C, G, and H. With the realm of random bred cats the structure of haplotypes exhibited remarkable diversity presenting distinctions from Turkish Angora and Van breeds. Nucleotide diversity was higher compared to previous reports from Turkey and was one of the highest among reported world cat population estimates. Intriguingly, our investigations did not unveil any pronounced instances of strong selection, population expansions or contractions within any specific population or mitotype. To conclude, our study represents a pioneering effort in uncovering the mitotype profiles and haplotype structures inherent to both random-bred and pure breed cats in Turkey. This endeavor not only broadens our understanding of the feline genetic landscape within the region but also lays the foundation for future inquiries into the evolutionary trajectories and genetic legacies of these feline populations.
  • Review
    Citation - WoS: 7
    Citation - Scopus: 7
    Ultrasonication Effects on Quality of Tea-Based Beverages
    (MDPI, 2023) Uzuner, Sibel
    Tea is the most popular consumed drink after water. Teas and tea-based beverages have grown in popularity due to bioactive compounds. Tea-based beverages have started to take their place in the market. Extraction is a crucial step for the production of functional tea-based beverages. Compared to conventional methods, ultrasound is attractive due to its lower energy requirements, and shorter extraction time. This review aimed to discuss recent marketing aspects of tea-based beverages as well as the potential and challenges of a novel infusion technique. This review describes the health benefits and technological aspects of tea-based beverages in relation to how to best solve nutritional and microbial concerns. Current and future challenges and opportunities of the novel infusion technique and its scaling-up for the extraction of bioactive compounds are also covered in the present review.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 6
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Early Detection of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Accuracy of Indocyanine Green Lymphography Compared With Bioimpedance Spectroscopy and Subclinical Lymphedema Symptoms
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2023) Soran, Atilla; Bengur, Fuat Barış; Rodriguez, Wendy; Chroneos, Maria Z.; Sezgin, Efe
    Introduction: The reported incidences of breast cancer-related lymphedema (LE) affecting the arms vary greatly. Reason for this variability includes different diagnostic techniques used across studies. In the current study, we compared the accuracy of indocyanine green lymphography (ICG_L) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in detecting LE before presentation of clinical signs.Methods and Results: Patients with no initial detectable signs of clinical LE of their arms after axillary lymph node dissection or removal of >5 lymph nodes on sentinel lymph node biopsy were included. Subclinical LE was defined as BIS values outside the normal range [(>= 7 units (or >10 units)] or a 7-unit (or 10 unit) change between two measurements. We tracked ICG_L and BIS measurements for 133 potentially affected arms (n = 123). ICG_L detected signs of lymphatic flow disruption in 63 arms (47%). Based on the BIS value of 7 units, 60 arms (45%) had values outside the normal range. When using ICG_L-identified LE cases as true positives, BIS had a 54% accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.54) in detecting LE. Accuracy was 61% for subclinical LE symptoms when compared with ICG_L (AUC = 0.62). Both BIS and subclinical LE symptoms had <0.70 AUC-receiver characteristic operator curve, suggesting that BIS and development of subclinical LE symptoms are not adequate for identifying patients with subclinical LE.Conclusion: ICG_L is a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting early signs of lymphatic flow disruption in subclinical LE. Utilizing ICG_L to diagnose subclinical LE followed by a personalized treatment plan may provide patients the best chance of preventing disease progression.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    Factors Associated With the Occurrence and Healing of Umbilical Pilonidal Sinus: a Rare Clinical Entity
    (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd., 2022) Işık, Arda; Wysocki, Arkadiusz Peter; Memiş, Ufuk; Sezgin, Efe; Yezhikova, Assel; Islambekov, Yersultan
    Objective: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of skin that is thought to be related to implanted loose hair. Although PSD is most frequently seen in the sacrococcygeal region, it can also occur at the axilla, perineum, suprapubic regions, hands, and umbilicus. The aim of this project was to find factors influencing the development and treatment of umbilical PSD. Methods: In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated 82 patients (19 women, 63 men) with a history of umbilical PSD between 2012 and 2020 to determine predisposing factors and treatment modalities. Results: There was a 20% concordance with intergluteal PSD. Smoking was the only modifying factor for recurrence. The three different treatment methods studied (conservative treatment, surgical treatment, silver nitrate) did not differ in recurrence rate (P =.57). Conclusions: Because of its rare nature, umbilical PSD can be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Key aspects of treatment include smoking cessation and a conservative approach.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 4
    Citation - Scopus: 7
    Adding Pneumatic Compression Therapy in Lower Extremity Lymphedema Increases Compliance of Treatment, While Decreasing the Infection Rate
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2022) Soran, Atilla; Toktaş, Osman; Grassi, Ariel; Sezgin, Efe
    Background: Lymphedema (LE) is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment. Although pneumatic compression therapy (PCT) is one treatment option, current algorithms consider it as an adjunct to standard LE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of adapting PCT for lower extremity LE (LEL) in relation to patient compliance and rate of infection.</p> Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with LEL were followed prospectively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, treatment modality, compliance, infection due to LE, and hospitalization were recorded. LEL patients with no-PCT were also recorded in the same time period to evaluate the treatment compliance and the need for physical therapy visits. The no-PCT group received the standard LE care, whereas the PCT group received the standard LE care plus a new-generation pneumatic compression device.</p> Results: A total of 69 patients were enrolled in this study. The PCT group had 50 patients and no-PCT group had 19 patients. The PCT group had median 58.5 months of LE symptoms, while non-PCT patients had median 23 months of LE symptoms (p = 0.11). Infection rates decreased by 32% and hospitalizations due to infection decreased by 14% after PCT treatment had been initiated. Physical therapy needs decreased by 24% after PCT use. At median 18 months, follow-up compliance for PCT was 84%, but compliance for manual lymphatic drainage was almost half (53%) in no-PCT group.</p> Conclusions: PCT leads to a decrease in infection rate, hospital admissions, and physical therapy (PT) visits in clinically significant LEL. Although there is no cost calculation in this study, it can be correlated to significant cost savings due to a reduction of infection and hospitalization and the need for PT visits. Adoption of PCT offers a superior value proposition to not only patients but also the health care system. Cost analysis should be followed.</p>
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 34
    Citation - Scopus: 32
    Lymphedema After Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Who Is at Risk?
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2021) Işık, Arda; Soran, Atilla; Grasi, Ariel; Barry, Noran; Sezgin, Efe
    Aim: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the accepted approach to stage the clinically negative axilla. The incidence of lymphedema (LE) after SLNB is about 5%. We hypothesize that patients undergoing axillary excision of >5 lymph nodes (LNs) are at increased risk of developing LE. Methods and Results: A single institution prospective breast cancer database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2013 to December 2017, to identify patients who underwent SLNB and were diagnosed with LE. Inclusion criteria was (1) de novo breast cancer, (2) SLNB in clinically node negative patients, and (3) no preoperative diagnosis LE of an extremity. Exclusion criteria was history of axillary lymph node dissection. Age, body mass index, tumor-node-metastasis status, surgery type, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy were analyzed. Of the 3325 patients identified, 2940 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Median follow-up time was 24 months. Forty-seven (2%) patients were diagnosed with LE, and nine patients (19%) had >5 LNs excised. LE was diagnosed in 3.7% of patients who had >5 LNs excised versus 1.4% of patients with <= 5 LNs excised. Incidence of LE was higher in patients with >5 LNs excision (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our study showed that patients have a higher likelihood of developing LE when >5 LNs are excised.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Comparison of Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization (roll) and Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization (moll) for Non-Palpable Lesions: a Phantom Model Study
    (Elsevier, 2020) Aydoğan, Tumay; Sezgin, Efe; İlvan, Şennur; Yılmaz, Osman Cem; Aslan, Nesrin; Golshan, Mehra; Aydoğan, Fatih
    We sought to compare radio-guided localization and magnetic tracer localization techniques by using a phantom model for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. There was no difference between the groups in the duration of operative excision, specimen weight, or specimen volume. Magnetic occult lesion localization can be performed in clinics without the need for a nuclear medicine team and radiation safety procedures. Background: Localization of nonpalpable breast cancers can be achieved with several techniques. We sought to compare radio-guided localization (ROLL) and magnetic tracer localization (MOLL) techniques by using a phantom model we previously developed, which can provide an accurate simulation for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions. Materials and Methods: We designed 20 phantom models (10 MOLL, 10 ROLL group) for localization. A handheld gamma probe for the ROLL group and a manual magnetometer (SentiMag) for the MOLL group were used to test the ability of the modality to detect olives in turkey breasts. The excision time for each procedure, specimen size, and weight of the specimens removed from the turkey breasts were recorded. Results: Both techniques resulted in 100% retrieval of the lesions. There was no difference between the groups in the duration of operative excision, specimen weight, or specimen volume. Conclusion: This experimental trial found similar success rates for ROLL and MOLL in localization of occult lesions using the turkey breast phantom model. MOLL can be performed in clinics without the need for a nuclear medicine team and radiation safety procedures. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 11
    Citation - Scopus: 12
    Characterization of the Self-Assembly and Size Dependent Structural Properties of Dietary Mixed Micelles by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Tuncer, Esra; Bayramoğlu, Beste
    The bile salts and phospholipids are secreted by the gallbladder to form dietary mixed micelles in which the solvation of poorly absorbed lipophilic drugs and nutraceuticals take place. A comprehensive understanding of the micellization and structure of the mixed micelles are crucial to design effective delivery systems for such substances. In this study, the evolution of the dietary mixed micelle formation under physiologically relevant concentrations and the dependence of structural properties on micelle size were investigated through coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations. The MARTINI force field was used to model cholate and POPC as the representative bile salt and phospholipid, respectively. The micellization behavior was similar under both fasted and fed state concentrations. Total lipids concentration and the micelle size did not affect the internal structure of the micelles. All the micelles were slightly ellipsoidal in shape independent of their size. The extent of deviation from spherical geometry was found to depend on the micellar POPC/cholate ratio. We also found that the surface and core packing density of the micelles increased with micelle size. The former resulted in more perpendicular alignments of cholates with respect to the surface, while the latter resulted in an improved alignment of POPC tails with the radial direction and more uniform core density.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Hot Nasal Packing With Hot Saline Irrigation for Hemostasis After Adenoidectomy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ceylan, Seyit Mehmet; Dişikırık, İlyas; Kanmaz, Mahmut Alper; Yıldırım, Alton; Sezgin, Efe
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hot posterior nasal packing and hot saline irrigation in bleeding control after adenoidectomy. Methods: A total of 130 patients scheduled for adenoidectomy were included in the study, and randomized into two groups at the beginning of the surgical operation. After adenoidectomy, saline impregnated tampon, and saline irrigation at room temperature (22 degrees C) was applied to the patients in one group while 50 degrees C saline impregnated tampon and saline irrigation at the same temperature were applied to the patients in the other group. We recorded hemostasis for up to 3 min after tamponade for bleeding control, and the amount of bleeding into the nasopharynx. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 1.5 to 13 years (mean +/- SD: 6.07 +/- 3.08 years, and 5.33 +/- 2.55 years, 22 degrees C and 50 degrees C saline irrigation groups, respectively). There were 37 males and 28 females in the 22 degrees C saline group, while 34 males and 31 females in the 50 degrees C saline group. When comparing the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of duration of hemostasis (p = 0.64). However, bleeding scores at 2 nd min after the tamponade were significantly lower in the 50 degrees C saline group (p = 0.007). The amount of bleeding in the 50 degrees C saline group was also significantly lower than the 22 degrees C saline group (p = 0.015). Conclusion: In this study, application of 50 degrees C saline impregnated tampon, and hot saline irrigation was found to be more effective in the control of bleeding after adenoidectomy by reducing the amount of bleeding compared to 22 degrees C saline impregnated tampon application and saline irrigation at 22 degrees C. However, hot nasal packing and hot saline irrigation did not affect duration of hemostasis and cauterization.