Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 14Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus Thuringiensis Strains From Olive-Related Habitats in Turkey(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2008) Çınar, Çelenk; Apaydın, Özgür; Yenidünya, Ali Fazıl; Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem; Güneş, HaticeAims: To isolate Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different olive-related habitats (olive groves and olive oil factories) in Turkey and to characterize these strains by molecular methods. Methods and Results: A total of 150 samples, consisting of olive grove soil, green olive leaves, olive leaf residues, animal faeces, olive pomace and dust, were examined for the presence of B. thuringiensis. One hundred B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from 54 environmental samples (36%) and characterized in terms of crystal morphology, cry and cyt gene content by polymerase chain reaction, plasmid profiles and 16S-internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (16S-ITS rDNA RFLP). The highest percentage of samples containing B. thuringiensis was found in 38 out of 54 total soil samples (70%). Of the 100 B. thuringiensis isolates, the most frequent crystal shapes were irregularly shaped (24%), spherical-irregular pointed (19%), cuboidal (17%) and spherical (16%). The cry1 plus cry4 genotype was the most abundant genotype in our collection (21%). RFLP analysis of the amplified 16S-ITS rDNA revealed 11 distinct patterns for the isolates and 10 reference strains. Conclusions: Bacillus thuringiensis isolates showed a great genetic diversity and crystal shape heterogeneity. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study on the isolation and characterization of B. thuringiensis from olive-related habitats in Turkey. No correlation was observed between the cry genotypes and insecticidal crystal shapes of the isolates. Restriction profiles of 23% of the isolates were found to be different from those of the 10 reference strains used.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 29Partial Purification and Kinetic Characterization of Mushroom Stem Polyphenoloxidase and Determination of Its Storage Stability in Different Lyophilized Forms(Elsevier Ltd., 2007) Şimşek, Şebnem; Yemenicioğlu, AhmetMonophenolase (1011 ± 626 U/g AP) and diphenolase activities (5163 ± 3059 U/g AP) of PPO in acetone powders (APs) of different mushroom stems varied considerably. However, the limited variation of average dipenolase (L-DOPA) to monophenolase (L-tyrosine) activity ratio (5.4 ± 0.7) in crude extracts showed the homogeneity of PPO from different mushroom stems. The change in extraction material or partial purification method (ammonium sulfate or acetone precipitation) did not affect the temperature stability, temperature and pH dependency and Km of monophenolase activity considerably. However, some changes were observed in pH stability and substrate specificity of PPO in different parties of mushroom stems. The most important aspects of mushroom stem PPO are its lower diphenolase to monophenolase activity ratio than mushroom cap PPO, low temperature dependency of activity between 25 and 40 °C (Ea = 30 kJ/mol), broad optimum pH between 6 and 8, but lack of activity pH ≤5, and ability to use phloridzin as substrate. The mushroom stem PPOs partially purified and lyophilized by using sucrose, dextran or alginate showed moderate to high stability at -18 °C for 6-6.5 months. Thus, the mushroom stems obtained as a waste material during mushroom processing may be used as a more homogenous source than whole mushrooms to obtain PPO used for different industrial, clinical or research purposes.