Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Cephe Yönlenmesinin Tarihi Konutların Enerji Kullanımına Etkileri: Güneybatı Anadolu’da Dış Sofalı Konutlar(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakCephe yönlenme durumu, yapıların enerji kullanım miktarlarını etkileyen önemli bir tasarım parametresi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu parametre özellikle yeni yapı tasarımı alanında, yönlenme optimizasyon kararları geliştirmek üzere birçok araştırmada incelenmiştir. Buna karşılık, tarihi yapıların yönlenmesi ve enerji kullanım miktarları arasındaki ilişkiyi irdeleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Anadolu coğrafyasında yaygın bir tarihi yapı türü olan dış sofalı konutların Muğla kenti örnek yerleşmesindeki hâkim yönlenme durumları ile enerji kullanım düzeyleri arasında belirgin bir ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma yöntemi, DesignBuilder v.5.4.0.21 yazılımında gerçekleştirilmiş olan yapı ısıl modellemesi ve simülasyonudur. Çalışmada, örnek bir tarihi konutun mimari özellikleri kullanılarak oluşturulmuş sanal bir yapı modelinin sofa yönlenme durumu, ana ve ara yönlere göre değiştirilerek ısıl simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiş ve simülasyonlar sonucu hesaplanan ısıtma ve soğutma enerji ihtiyaçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyonlar, karşılaştırmalı olarak önce yapı çevresindeki kütle ve peyzaj elemanlarıyla sonra bu elemanlar olmadan iki sonuç seti için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyonlar sonucunda, örnek yapı türü için en iyi ve en verimsiz yönlenme durumları arasında enerji kullanımı açısından hesaplanan oransal farkın %1,3 ile %2,2 arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, örnek yapı türü enerji kullanım durumunun çok yüksek oranda yönlenmeden bağımsız olduğu, bu nedenle de örnek yerleşmedeki dış sofalı konutlar için hâkim yönlenme tercihi ile yapı enerji kullanım düzeyleri arasında dikkate değer bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE SYSTEM ON BUILDING THERMAL PERFORMANCE;(Turk Isi Bilimi ve Teknigi Dernegi, 2021) Hülagü,S.; Göksal Özbalta,T.; Başaran,T.In this study, heat transfer in conventional single skin façade and double skin façade system was studied experimentally and numerically by using one dimensional time dependent approach and the effects of the façade systems on building energy performance especially heating energy was investigated. In this context, a mathematical model considering user behavior and window aluminum frame element effect was build by zonal analysis method to calculate the heat transfer in single and box type closed cavity double skin façade systems, and build model was experimentally verified. Experimental study was conducted in office spaces having single and double skin façade systems in Ege University, Civil Engineering Building’s south façade in January 2017. Next, verified model was used to study the heat transfer in the façade systems for İzmir’s climatic condition by using monthly average daily data. The change in thermal performance of single and double skin façade systems due to the climatic condition during a year was investigated by using the 10 year average climate data of İzmir (Mediterranean climate). It was found that double skin façade system acts as an insulator preventing extreme indoor temperature values, thus contributing to the indoor comfort level against changing outdoor conditions. ©2021 TIBTD Printed in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 17Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer and Air Flow Behavior of Latent Heat Storage Unit in a Facade Integrated Ventilation System(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Pekdogan,T.; Tokuç,A.; Ezan,M.A.; Başaran,T.All-air central HVAC systems are widely applied to provide fresh and conditioned air, which is very important for users to lead healthy and productive lives. Decentralized systems are another mechanical solution to ensure indoor air quality and thermal comfort with a heat recovery ventilation system integrated into the building wall. These commercially available systems store sensible energy in the heat exchanger. In this study, an experimental real-size staggered tube bundled prototype with phase change material (PCM), which stores latent thermal energy, was proposed/designed and full-scale experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions. The experimental setup includes two spaces that simulate indoor and outdoor conditions that are separated by an insulated aerated concrete wall. In the prototype, two ducts embedded in the wall contain staggered tube bundles filled with PCM, which are positioned perpendicular to the airflow to recover heat for supply and exhaust ventilation modes. The thermal performance of this prototype is investigated for different operating times, namely, 15, 20, and 30 min. The average air energy change of the latent heat recovery ventilation system values is between 20 and 35 kJ approximately for the operating times. The supply mode efficiency result is an average of 50% and exhaust mode efficiency is 25%. © 2021 Elsevier LtdArticle Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 19Associations Between Thermal and Physiological Responses of Human Body During Exercise(MDPI, 2017) Başaran, Tahsin; Zora, Süleyman; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Çolakoğlu, MuzafferIn this study, thermal behaviours of the athletes were investigated with respect to thermal comfort and exercise intensity. The relationship between an index for analysing thermal comfort (Predicted Mean Vote: PMV) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which shows exercise intensity and exhaustion level was evaluated. Eleven moderately trained male athletes (V) over dotO(2max) 54 +/- 9.9 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) had volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 +/- 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 +/- 6.9 kg; height: 181 +/- 6.3 cm; Body surface area (BSA): 1.93 +/- 0.1 m(2); body fat: 12.6% +/- 4.2%; (V) over dotO(2max): 54 +/- 9.9 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)). Experiments were carried out by using a cycle ergometer in an air-conditioned test chamber which provided fresh air and had the ability to control the temperature and relative humidity. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to maximal oxygen consumption levels of the participants. Statistical analyses were conducted with the whole study cohort as well as the two separated groups. There was a moderate correlation between PMV and RPE for whole cohort (r: -0.51). When the whole cohort divided as low and high aerobic power groups, an average correlation coefficient at high oxygen consumption cohort decreased to r: -0.21, while the average correlation coefficient at low oxygen consumption cohort increased to r: -0.77. In conclusion, PMV and RPE have a high correlation in less trained participants, but not in the more trained ones. The case may bring to mind that thermal distribution may be better in high aerobic power group in spite of high RPE and thus the relation between PMV and RPE is affected by exercise performance status.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 44Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection in a Double Skin Façade by Using Nodal Network Approach for Istanbul(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, TahsinIn this study, temperature distribution and heat transfer through the cavity of a double skin façade (DSF) was investigated in the laboratory environment and analyzed numerically by using nodal network approach. The verification of the nodal network method was conducted by using data from the steady-state experiments and the same method was applied for the climate of Istanbul, Turkey under unsteady outside boundary conditions. Furthermore, heat gain and loss values in DSF for January and July were calculated and compared with single skin façade (SSF) application for different directions of the façades. The results were given for a day and a working time period of the office buildings by using monthly average daily climate data. Distinction working hours were more convenient to investigate the energy performance of DSF because of solar radiation effect. Using DSF in all directions, the cooling loads decreased up to 26% comparing to the SSF. DSF system was disadvantageous comparing to the SSF for January. However, it was shown that the heated air in the cavity could be used for preheating process of air in a HVAC system for winter period.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 12An Evaluation Methodology Proposal for Building Envelopes Containing Phase Change Materials: the Case of a Flat Roof in Turkey’s Climate Zones(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2017) Tokuç, Ayça; Yesügey, Sadık Cengiz; Başaran, TahsinPhase change materials (PCMs) can be used to enhance the thermal energy storage capacity of a building element to improve indoor thermal comfort conditions and decrease energy usage, yet these effects need to be carefully analysed to achieve the desired benefits. This paper proposes an evaluation methodology for building envelopes: first, a numerical computational fluid dynamics model is validated by experimental work; then, time-dependent simulations are used to analyse monthly energy requirements and heat flux. A sample flat roof is evaluated in terms of required cooling load with and without PCM in Turkey’s climate zones. Graphical phase change representations and heat flux results were used to evaluate the cooling load reduction in addition to the effects of PCM type and PCM amount and the necessity for night cooling. In conclusion, the methodology is flexible and can be utilized to evaluate the building element for various parameters.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 21Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection in a Double Skin Façade(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, Tahsin; Erek, AytunçFlow and heat transfer of the air cavity between two glass façades designed in the box window type of double skin façade (DSF) was evaluated in a test room which was set up for measurements in the laboratory environment and analyzed under different working conditions by using a computational fluid dynamics tool. Using data from the experimental studies, the verification of the numerical studies was conducted and the air flow and heat transfer in the cavity between the two glass façades were examined numerically in detail. The depth to height of the cavity, the aspect ratio, was changed between 0.10 and 0.16, and was studied for three different flow velocities. Reynolds and average Nusselt numbers ranging from 28,000 to 56,500 and 134 to 272, respectively, were calculated and a non-dimensional correlation between Reynolds and Nusselt numbers was constructed to evaluate the heat transfer from the cavity (except inlet and outlet sections) air to the inside environment and it could be used the box window type of DSF applications having relatively short cavities.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 34Thermal Performance of Different Exterior Wall Structures Based on Wall Orientation(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Pekdoğan, Tuğçe; Başaran, TahsinHeat transfer from opaque walls of buildings is very important for energy saving and providing thermal comfort in different climates. In this study, insulation models of opaque walls with different orientations and external, internal and sandwich materials were numerically analyzed in terms of their time-dependent thermal behaviors. The one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation was solved via the implicit finite difference method for summer and winter conditions and northern, southern, eastern and western orientations. Meteorological data for cities in Turkey with different climates, i.e., Ankara, Erzurum, İstanbul and İzmir, were used in these calculations. When the outside boundary conditions were defined by using January and July monthly averages of the daily data; the inside air temperature was assumed to be 20 °C and 24 °C in winter and summer. The results indicated that sandwich wall insulation produced more convenient heat loss and heat gain for each climate and direction. The standard deviations of the heat transfer values for the different directions were larger in summer than in winter because of the solar radiation effect. The numerical calculations for the sandwich wall applications were carried out for different insulation thicknesses namely 0.15 m and 0.25 m, and for an uninsulated wall; the results were also compared with Turkish directive on the thermal insulation of buildings, TS825 taken as a reference condition. Compared with the insulation thickness calculated based on the TS825, the heat loss and gain values could be decreased by up to 65% and 80% for the worst winter and summer conditions.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 32Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in a Double Skin Facade(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, Tahsin; Ezan, Mehmet AkifIn this study, airflow and heat transfer in a rectangular cavity that simulates a double skin facade and includes natural convection were examined numerically and experimentally. This cavity separates the exterior space and the thermally controlled interior space. The temperatures of the surfaces that interact with these spaces were determined experimentally, while the other surfaces were regarded as adiabatic. With these temperature values, the parameters of the numerical study were defined. After the validation of the numerical model was completed based on experimental studies in the literature, the results related to flow and heat transfer in the cavity were analyzed. The numerical model provided results that agree with the air temperature values found experimentally in the cavity. Accordingly, in natural convection, with Rayleigh numbers ranging from 8.59 ∗ 109 to 1.41 ∗ 1010 and the effect of buoyancy on the regions close to the surface, the increasing tendency of the average Nusselt number from 142.6 to 168.8 was shown. In addition, a correlation between the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers for a cavity aspect ratio of 8.64 was constructed to evaluate the heat flux; this correlation was also shown graphically.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 25Analysing Visual Pattern of Skin Temperature During Submaximal and Maximal Exercises(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Başaran, Tahsin; Çolakoğlu, MuzafferAims of this study were to examine our hypotheses assuming that (a) skin temperature patterns would differ between submaximal exercise (SE) and graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and (b) thermal kinetics of Tskin occurring in SE and GXT might be similar in a homogenous cohort. Core temperature (Tcore) also observed in order to evaluate thermoregulatory responses to SE and GXT. Eleven moderately to well-trained male athletes were volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; body surface area 1.93 ± 0.1 m2; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; V̇O2 max: 54 ± 9.9 mL min-1 kg-1). Under stabilized environmental conditions in climatic chamber, GXT to volitional exhaustion and 20-min SE at 60% of VO2 max were performed on cycle ergometer. Thermal analyses were conducted in 2-min intervals throughout exercise tests. Tskin was monitored by a thermal camera, while Tcore was recorded via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor. Thermal kinetic analyses showed that Tskin gradually decreased till the 7.58 ± 1.03th minutes, and then initiated to increase till the end of SE (Rsqr = 0.97), while Tskin gradually decreased throughout the GXT (Rsqr = 0.89). Decrease in the level of Tskin during the GXT was significantly below from the SE [F (4, 40) = 2.67, p = 0.07, ηp 2 = 0.211]. In the meantime, Tcore continuously increased throughout the SE and GXT (p < 0.05). Both GXT and SE were terminated at very close final Tcore values (37.8 ± 0.3 °C and 38.0 ± 0.3 °C, respectively; p > 0.05). However, total heat energies were calculated as 261.5 kJ/m2 and 416 kJ/m2 for GXT and SE, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, it seems that SE may be more advantageous than GXT in thermoregulation. In conclusion, Tcore gradually increased throughout maximal and submaximal exercises as expected. Tskin curves patterns found to be associated amongst participants at both GXT and SE. Therefore, Tskin kinetics may ensure an important data for monitoring thermoregulation in exercise.