Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Estimation of Heat Production Rate Using Thermal Data During Exercise in Indoor Environments: a Study of Heat Storage Rate in Male Athletes(Springer, 2024) Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer; Başaran, TahsinThe increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O2 intake levels (VO2max) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITEnew) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITEnew provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITEnew and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITEnew values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1The Asymmetries of Displacement: The Spatial Aspects of the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange(Brill, 2023) Cankara, MelisThe Greek-Turkish population exchange convention of 1923 had major effects on both countries in terms of politics, economy, society, and space. Some of the negative impacts were minimized over time. However, there are some long-term impacts, for instance on space, that are still observable in the cities we live in, even though a full century has passed since the exchange. This article focuses on both the local and broader spatial consequences of the population exchange from a comparative perspective.Book Part 1960s Tax Law and Non-Muslim Exodus From Istanbul: Turkification of the City(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Akpınar, İpekThis chapter discusses the urban consequences of the expulsion of Istanbul Greeks in 1964. It demonstrates the urban impact of the 16 March 1964 decree that terminated the residence of 12, 000 Greek passport holders in Istanbul (a population of 40, 000 with their relatives), who were given 24 hours to leave the city and allowed to carry only 20 kilograms of belongings or US$22 with them. The event also alarmed many other non-Muslim families to emigrate from Istanbul, while the city was receiving a large influx of immigrants from rural lands due to the growing industrialization and urbanization. Akpinar discusses the urban planning interventions in Istanbul under the Menderes and subsequent governments throughout the 1950s and 1960s as ad-hoc or intentional steps toward Turkification, in which discrimination and the resulting emigration of Istanbul Greeks played a significant part. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Esra Akcan and Iftikhar Dadi; individual chapters, the contributors.Article User Satisfactions on Visual Comfort and View Quality Based on Colours and Opacity of Glazing To Control Daylighting(Znack Publishing House, 2023) Cogul, Ilgin; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TugceWindows are both components that open to the outside and gates that bring the outside elements inside as well. The visible view through windows affects users' perception of the indoor environment. Visual comfort is a key concern to create qualified interior spaces. Glazing type in naturally lit environments becomes very substantial for comfort. As glazing technologies develop, the options available for users have also increased. This study aims to find out how different glazing and view types impact user perception and satisfaction in the interior and to create design ideas for the spaces to be completed in the future. A room with various glazing transmittance (20 %, 50 %, and 90 %), colours (blue and yellow), and view types (street and landscape) are modelled virtually in Relux. A survey composed of these rendered scenes from these variations includes four questions. 40 people participated in the survey. Statistical analyses are made using Stata and EViews. Illuminance and luminance are calculated via Relux to discuss quantifiable values and subjective one together. According to the results, as transmittance increase, the rate of people finding the room pleasant and the quality of the view decrease, but a brighter environment shows up. When using tinted glazing, users mark the rooms as interesting, while pleasantness and view quality decrease. A landscape view instead of a street view in the rooms results is a more interesting, pleasant indoor environment, and higher view satisfaction.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Daylight Performance and Lighting Energy Savings of Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells in an Architecture Studio(IEEE, 2023) Taşer, Aybüke; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeSemi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) glass increased its popularity due to its energy and environmental advantages, which can generate electricity on-site and utilize natural daylight. They use thin-film solar cells to allow daylight to enter space and generate electrical energy. Crystalline and amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells are the most prominent in literature and industry due to their high efficiency and sufficient transparency. This study aims to assess the daylight and lighting energy-saving potential of thin-film crystalline and a-Si photovoltaic glass in an architecture studio in Izmir, Turkey. The simulation engine applied two types of solar cells on existing windows to evaluate the advantage of such glass for daylight performance and lighting energy consumption. Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), a climate-based annual daylight performance metric, evaluates the daylight performance of the studio. Research findings note that such solar cells enhance the visual comfort of occupants and the daylight performance of the studio. In addition, crystalline silicon solar cells can cover the studio's whole lighting loads in the summer and fall seasons and balance them up to 66% and 23% in the spring and winter seasons, respectively. These have higher transmittance and peak power, thus; resulting in higher energy and daylight performance. © 2023 IEEE.Article Eğitim yapılarında asansör trafik analizi yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılmasına yönelik bir araştırma(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2023) Deligöz, Dostcan; Harputlugil, TimuçinPurpose: Regarding elevator design in educational buildings; It is aimed to investigate the legal framework, to integrate dynamic simulation programs to design process, to compare traditional and dynamic simulation methods, to evaluate the adequacy of elevator features specified in the legislation and to determine the optimum scenarios according to the minimum requirements.Theory and Methods: Based on the findings of the literature review, which examines the issue of elevator traffic analysis together with the legislation and regulations, the carrying capacities of the elevators in the educational buildings designed by the Ministry of National Education (MNE) are tested. The stability of the system is tested by analyzing the conditions where only the disabled, disabled and building workers can be used together and all building users can use the elevators with the dynamic simulation method (with Elevate Software). The limits of the system are determined based on the waiting times during the peak usage periods. The findings of the study are evaluated according to the waiting times determined by CIBSE Guide D and the Chamber of Mechanical Engineers followed by the discussion of the outcomes.Results: The issue of elevator design has been overlooked in educational buildings, and a comprehensive elevator traffic analysis method has not been defined. For the effective use of all occupants, elevator design should be handled comprehensively with considering potentials of dynamic simulation method.Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it is noted that the number and capacity of elevators in the legislation for educational buildings are determined only for minimum conditions and for disabled users. In addition, the legislation (considering calculation methodology) is not specific for educational buildings but related with buildings in general with public use. Considering the occupants, and their profiles of the educational buildings, a more comprehensive traffic analysis with the dynamic simulation method may enable the elevators to be designed and to be used more efficiently.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Deterioration of Pre-War and Rehabilitation of Post-War Urbanscapes Using Generative Adversarial Networks(SAGE Publications, 2023) Çiçek, Selen; Turhan, Gözde Damla; Taşer, AybükeThe urban built environment of contemporary cities confronts a constant risk of deterioration due to natural or artificial reasons. Especially political aggression and war conflicts have significant destructive effects on architectural and cultural heritage buildings. The post-war urbanscapes demonstrate the striking effects of the armed conflicts during the hot war encounters. However, the residues of the urbanscapes become the actual indicators of damage and loss. Since today we can make future predictions using a variety of machine learning algorithms, it is possible to represent hybrid projections of urban heterotopias. In this context, this research proposes to explore dystopian post-war projections for modern cities based on their architectural styles and demonstrate the utopian scenarios of rehabilitation possibilities for the damaged urban built environment of post-war cities by using generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms. Two primary datasets containing the post-war and pre-war building facades have been given as the input data for the CycleGAN and pix2pix GAN models. Thus, two different image-to-image GAN models have been compared regarding their ability to produce legible building facade projections in architectural features. Besides, the machine learning process results have been discussed in terms of cities' utopian and dystopian future predictions, demonstrating the war conflicts' immense effects on the built environment. Moreover, the immediate consequence of the destructive aggression on tangible and intangible architectural heritage would become visible to inhabitants and policymakers when the AI-generated rehabilitation potentials have been exposed.Book Review Citation - WoS: 1Randa Aboubakr, Sarah Jurkiewicz, Hicham Ait-Mansour, and Ulrike Freitag, Eds. Spaces of Participation: Dynamics of Social and Political Change in the Arab World (cairo, New York: the American University of Cairo Press, 2021). Pp. 302, 25 B&w Illus. $78.67 Hardcover. Isbn: 101617979899.(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Kılınç, KıvançWhere do people meet, form relations of trust, and begin debating social and politicalissues? Where do social movements start? In this fascinating collection, scholars andactivists from a wealth of disciplinary backgrounds, including sociology, anthropology,history, and political science, take a fresh look at these questions and the factorsleading to political and social change in the Arab world from a spatial perspective.Based on original field work in Egypt, Kuwait, Morocco, and Palestine, Spaces of Participation connects and reconnects social, cultural, and political participation withurban space. It explores timely themes such as formal and informal spaces of participation, alternative spaces of cultural production, space reclamation, and culturalactivism, and the reconfiguring of space through different types of contestation. Italso covers a range of spaces that include sports clubs, arts centers, and sites of protest and resistance, as well as virtual spaces such as social media platforms, in theprocess of examining the relationships and tensions between physical and virtualspace.Article Generating Plan Layouts: a Case Study on Visualization of Implicit Knowledge by “doctor Architects”(SAGE Publications, 2022) Kasalı, AltuğAim: This article presents an opportunistic case with particular focus on instances from an extended procurement operation in which medical professionals run a proactive process involving the generation of layouts through distinct modes of representational practices without any actual collaboration with designers. The questions of inquiry involve an analysis on how the visualizations came into being and a discussion into the content of drawings that was shaped by individuals without any formal design education. Background: Although the literature introduces examples of genuine participation, particularly in healthcare design practices, the instances in which nondesigners demonstrate accomplished skills in spatial reasoning and representation are limited. Method: The research was formulated as a qualitative case study including a series of observations of the activities of the participants followed by interviews recorded at different locations. The investigation also focuses on the features of these authentic graphics which illustrate the intentions of the medical professionals concerning the function of spaces. Results: In this research, the participants went through a labor intensive and elaborate effort to produce “architectural representations” with the intention to convey their implicit professional expertise in the domain. The layouts were introduced to be the vital elements to visualize the implicit knowledge regarding the functioning of space. Conclusions: The productive and creative engagement of clinicians within this research makes the case for a multidisciplinary approach that reframes the limits and potential contributions of participants alongside drawings, which are exclusively claimed by and strategically employed by architects as negotiation devices within participatory design processes.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Approaches To Optimization for Movable Shading Systems: a Review of Optimization Methods and Tools(Znack Publishing House, 2021) Keskinel, Yeşim; İlal, Mustafa EmreStudies show that movable shading systems have lots of benefits for building performance. Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing daylight usage are natural expectations when using these systems. To find optimal solutions for these systems, different methods have been used. Today, optimization methods are used to solve this problem. In the literature, there are few studies about optimization of movable shading systems. This paper aims to identify different movable shading systems, optimization types, and computational optimization tools that are used. Research findings and future projections based on the reviewed papers are summarized.