Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Estimation of Heat Production Rate Using Thermal Data During Exercise in Indoor Environments: a Study of Heat Storage Rate in Male Athletes(Springer, 2024) Balci, Gorkem Aybars; Avci, Ali Berkay; Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Basaran, Tahsin; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer; Başaran, TahsinThe increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O-2 intake levels (VO2max) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITEnew) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITEnew provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITEnew and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITEnew values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise.Article Estimation of Heat Production Rate Using Thermal Data During Exercise in Indoor Environments: a Study of Heat Storage Rate in Male Athletes(Springer, 2024) Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Avcı, Ali Berkay; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer; Başaran, TahsinThe increasing preference for indoor exercise spaces highlights the relationship between indoor thermal environments and physiological responses, particularly concerning thermal comfort during physical activity. Determining the metabolic heat production rate during exercise is essential for optimizing the thermal comfort, well-being, and performance of individuals engaged in physical activities. This value can be determined during the activity using several methods, including direct calorimetry measurement, indirect calorimetry that uses analysis of respiratory gases, or approximations using collected data such as speed, body mass, and heart rate. The study aimed to calculate the metabolic heat production rate by infrared thermal evaluation (ITE) based on the body's thermal balance approach and compare it with the values determined by indirect calorimetry (IC). Fourteen participants volunteered for the study, using a cycling ergometer in a controlled climatic chamber. After the familiarization sessions, maximal O2 intake levels (VO2max) were determined through maximal graded exercise tests. Subsequently, constant work rate exercise tests were performed at 60% of VO2max for 20 min. The metabolic heat production rates were calculated by IC and ITE for each athlete individually. Respiratory gases were used to determine IC, while body skin and core temperatures, along with physical environmental data, were applied to calculate ITE using the human body thermal balance approximation of ASHRAE. According to the results, heat storage rates were misleading among the body's heat transfer modes, particularly during the first 8 min of the exercise. ITE showed a moderate level of correlation with IC (r: 0.03-0.86) with a higher level of dispersion relative to the mean (CV%: 12-84%). Therefore, a new equation (ITEnew) for the heat storage rates was proposed using the experimental data from this study. The results showed that ITEnew provided more precise estimations for the entire exercise period (p > 0.05). Correlations between ITEnew and IC values were consistently strong throughout the exercise period (r: 0.62-0.85). It can be suggested that ITEnew values can predict IC during the constant work rate steady-state exercise.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 17Optimizing Thermal Comfort in Physical Exercise Spaces: a Study of Spatial and Thermal Factors(Elsevier, 2024) Avcı, Ali Berkay; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Başaran, TahsinFitness centers have become famous for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They require different thermal comfort conditions and higher fresh air supply rates than other indoor spaces. However, even well-designed centers may cause discomfort due to factors such as design decisions, ventilation, overheating, and overcrowding. The standards for fitness centers do not consider these specific requirements sufficiently, so this study focuses on understanding the thermal comfort requirements during physical exercise and evaluating spatial and thermal factors affecting the thermal environment around the body. The study investigated the ceiling height, lateral and frontal distances between machines, and vent locations as spatial factors and inlet temperature and air velocity as thermal factors. A thirty-minute moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise test was conducted in a controlled climatic chamber using a cycle ergometer with six healthy male participants. The experiment conditions were simulated in CFD software using the collected data. Once a validated simulation model was provided, computational models for different environmental and spatial scenarios for the five-person cycling class were generated. Using Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal arrays method, nine spatial scenarios were simulated with three different thermal operations each. Optimal factor levels were determined by using thermal comfort conditions (based on predicted mean vote) around the body's thermal plume. The results showed that a ceiling height of 5 m, lateral and frontal distances of 1 m and 0.5 m between machines, and Type 2 (two inlets mounted on the ceiling) ventilation strategy were optimal for achieving better thermal comfort values in a thermal condition of 18 °C and 0.2 m·s−1. The study found that increasing the ceiling height and using cross-positioned vents that project air vertically from the ceiling improved the comfort conditions significantly. It is expected that these criteria, which were determined, compared with the standards and detailed, will contribute to the production processes of comfortable exercise spaces.Article Citation - WoS: 1On-Site Measurements of Temperature and Humidity Conditions for the Comparison of Urban and Rural Sub-Spaces of Traditional Settlements: Historical City of Mugla, Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakOne of the significant processes that ensures realistic determination of the energy needs of historical buildings is case-specific definition of their local microclimatic conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine differences for the parameters of temperature and humidity in urban and rural sub-settlements of the historical city, Mugla/Turkey. Study method consists of on-site measurements of these variables in sub-settlements for comparisons. As a result, it was identified urban zone shows heat island characteristics with warmer, drier, and more stable conditions; while rural sub-settlement remains cooler, more humid, and more erratic. In parallel, calculated extents of these differences demonstrate the significance and necessity of on-site measurements and consequential microclimatic zoning of historical cities as conservation/planning tools for responding to the thermal needs of architectural heritage. A key application of these processes would be the establishment of local databases of case-specific weather data to be used in thermal simulation assessments.Article Citation - WoS: 2Cephe Yönlenmesinin Tarihi Konutların Enerji Kullanımına Etkileri: Güneybatı Anadolu’da Dış Sofalı Konutlar(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakCephe yönlenme durumu, yapıların enerji kullanım miktarlarını etkileyen önemli bir tasarım parametresi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu parametre özellikle yeni yapı tasarımı alanında, yönlenme optimizasyon kararları geliştirmek üzere birçok araştırmada incelenmiştir. Buna karşılık, tarihi yapıların yönlenmesi ve enerji kullanım miktarları arasındaki ilişkiyi irdeleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Anadolu coğrafyasında yaygın bir tarihi yapı türü olan dış sofalı konutların Muğla kenti örnek yerleşmesindeki hâkim yönlenme durumları ile enerji kullanım düzeyleri arasında belirgin bir ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma yöntemi, DesignBuilder v.5.4.0.21 yazılımında gerçekleştirilmiş olan yapı ısıl modellemesi ve simülasyonudur. Çalışmada, örnek bir tarihi konutun mimari özellikleri kullanılarak oluşturulmuş sanal bir yapı modelinin sofa yönlenme durumu, ana ve ara yönlere göre değiştirilerek ısıl simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiş ve simülasyonlar sonucu hesaplanan ısıtma ve soğutma enerji ihtiyaçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyonlar, karşılaştırmalı olarak önce yapı çevresindeki kütle ve peyzaj elemanlarıyla sonra bu elemanlar olmadan iki sonuç seti için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyonlar sonucunda, örnek yapı türü için en iyi ve en verimsiz yönlenme durumları arasında enerji kullanımı açısından hesaplanan oransal farkın %1,3 ile %2,2 arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, örnek yapı türü enerji kullanım durumunun çok yüksek oranda yönlenmeden bağımsız olduğu, bu nedenle de örnek yerleşmedeki dış sofalı konutlar için hâkim yönlenme tercihi ile yapı enerji kullanım düzeyleri arasında dikkate değer bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 30Thermal Retrofitting for Sustainable Use of Traditional Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate of Southwestern Anatolia(Elsevier, 2022) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakThermal retrofitting implementations are crucial for safeguarding the functional sustainability of historical buildings as they can improve the thermal performance of these buildings while maintaining thermal comfort for their occupants. This study aims to examine the thermal behavior of a common historical building type in Anatolia / Turkey, the traditional houses with exterior hall (sofa), and to determine enhancement potentials of possible thermal interventions. Research method consists of on-site thermal measurements, laboratory analyses on traditional construction materials and transient thermal analyses utilizing simulations on DesignBuilder software. Study cases were selected from both urban and rural sub-settlements. The results demonstrated that the thermal insulation works within floor assemblies, airtightness measures, adding secondary glazing to windows and suggesting transparent circulation corridors provide significant energy improvements. These interventions would save 26.5% of building energy consumption in the urban and 30.4% in the rural sub-settlements when applied together. Furthermore, when the integration of a modern HVAC system, ground-source heat pump is implemented, these improvement rates can be increased to more than 60%. Consequently, it was determined that the cases have significant potentials for thermal enhancements which renders the application of thermal interventions as a capable conservation tool.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 30Experimental Investigation of a Decentralized Heat Recovery Ventilation System(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Pekdoğan, Tuğçe; Tokuç, Ayça; Ezan, Mehmet Akif; Başaran, TahsinIndoor air quality is an important issue for improving and maintaining the indoor environment because it is directly related to people's health and work performance. These days, in many settlements, the applicability of natural ventilation is limited in the face of the decreasing infiltration loads, increased atmospheric pollution, and the climatic conditions. Therefore, the use of mechanical systems that are designed to ensure proper ventilation is becoming widespread. This paper presents full-scale experimental research of a wall-integrated decentralized ventilation system with heat recovery in the laboratory conditions. The heat recovery unit includes a ceramic block for sensible thermal energy storage. Parametric experimental studies were carried out to obtain the temperature distributions and the thermal capacity of the ceramic block during the supply and exhaust modes of working. In order to simulate the winter and summer conditions, two large scale temperature-controlled rooms are built up. The duration of the ventilation period is varied to be 1, 2, 5, 7.5 and 10-min. Experimental measurements indicate that 2 min of operation time shows the best thermal performance in terms of maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature with the least energy consumption. And some shortcomings were observed about the fan and thermal storage limitations. © 2020 Elsevier LtdArticle Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Tarihi Konutların Yeniden Kullanımında Geleneksel Ocakların Güncel Isıtma Yüklerini Karşılama Etkinliği: Güneybatı Anadolu’dan Örnekler(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2023) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakAnadolu tarihi konutlarında ısıtma elemanı olarak yaygın kullanılan geleneksel ocaklar, estetik önemleri yanında fonksiyonel değerler taşır. Bu elemanların ısıl özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, tarihi konutların yeniden kullanımlarında ısıl konforun sağlanması için uygulanacak olası müdahalelerin kapsamının saptanması bakımından belirleyici bir değerlendirme alanıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel ocakların, güncel kullanım senaryolarına bağlı olarak ısıl ihtiyaçları karşılama potansiyelinin belirlenmesidir. İncelenen yapı türü, açık sofalı tarihi konutlardır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, kırsal ve kentsel yerleşmelerden seçilmiş örnek iki konutta yıllık ısıl ölçümlerin alınması, yapılarda kullanılan yapım malzemelerinin termofiziksel özelliklerinin laboratuvar ölçümleriyle belirlenmesi ve yapıların DesignBuilder v5.4.0.21 yazılımında modellenerek zamana bağlı ısıl analizlerinin, modelin doğrulanması yapıldıktan sonra, gerçekleştirilmesi aşamalarını kapsamaktadır. Analizlerle belirlenen mekânsal birim zamandaki ısınma enerjisi ihtiyacının zamana bağlı değişim değerleri, örnek konutlarda bulunan ocakların maksimum ısıtma güçleriyle karşılaştırılmış ve ocakların ısıl ihtiyaçları karşılama oranları bulunmuştur. Sunulan analiz süreçlerinin, tarihi konutlar için kurgulanacak ısıtma sistemi değerlendirmelerine yöntem açısından katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kentsel konutta bulunan üç ocaktan ikisinin bulundukları mekânlar için yüksek düzeyde yeterli olduğu, bir ocağın ise daha yetersiz kaldığı; kırsal konutta ise analizi yapılan her iki ocağın da yeterli ısıtma düzeyine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylece, incelenen yapılarda tasarlanacak olası ısıtma düzenlemelerinin kapsamının belirlenmesine yönelik veriler oluşturulmuştur.