Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Editorial How Doorknob Gets Its Meaning(Routledge, 2005) Doğan, Fehmi; Nersessian, Nancy J.Jerry Fodor’s (1998) Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong (hereafter referred to as Concepts) and Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star’s (1999) Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences (hereafter referred to as Sorting) represent orthogonal views of concepts and categories stemming from two very different philosophical traditions. Fodor focuses on theories of concepts, whereas Bowker and Star discuss what categories and classification systems are. For Fodor, concepts are mental particulars that apply to things in the world (p. 23).Article Citation - WoS: 91Citation - Scopus: 122Artificial Neural Networks To Predict Daylight Illuminance in Office Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat; Binol, SelcenA prediction model was developed to determine daylight illuminance for the office buildings by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Illuminance data were collected for 3 months by applying a field measuring method. Utilizing weather data from the local weather station and building parameters from the architectural drawings, a three-layer ANN model of feed-forward type (with one output node) was constructed. Two variables for time (date, hour), 5 weather determinants (outdoor temperature, solar radiation, humidity, UV index and UV dose) and 6 building parameters (distance to windows, number of windows, orientation of rooms, floor identification, room dimensions and point identification) were considered as input variables. Illuminance was used as the output variable. In ANN modeling, the data were divided into two groups; the first 80 of these data sets were used for training and the remaining 20 for testing. Microsoft Excel Solver used simplex optimization method for the optimal weights. The model's performance was then measured by using the illuminance percentage error. As the prediction power of the model was almost 98%, predicted data had close matches with the measured data. The prediction results were successful within the sample measurements. The model was then subjected to sensitivity analysis to determine the relationship between the input and output variables. NeuroSolutions Software by NeuroDimensions Inc., was adopted for this application. Researchers and designers will benefit from this model in daylighting performance assessment of buildings by making predictions and comparisons and in the daylighting design process by determining illuminance.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 15Thomas Sharp's Collaboration With H. De C. Hastings: the Formulation of Townscape as Urban Design Pedagogy(Routledge, 2009) Erten, ErdemThis paper focuses on the collaboration between the Architectural Review's (AR) chief editor and proprietor Hubert de Cronin Hastings (1902-1986) and planner Thomas Sharp (1901-1978) in the formulation and dissemination of Townscape as urban design pedagogy in the period between 1935 and 1955. This pedagogy proved effective in questioning the modernist planning attitude defined by the CIAM congresses and the prevalent Garden City mentality of the New Town proposals during post-World War II reconstruction efforts. Growing out of the shared interests and ideological affinities of the people engaged in British post-war reconstruction, 'Townscape' emerged as the result of a collective effort of those affiliated with Hastings for which Nikolaus Pevsner, Thomas Sharp and Gordon Cullen assumed major roles. If the Architectural Press has been the linchpin of this propagation by several books including those by Sharp and the articles published within AR, Sharp's role as a practicing planning consultant was influential, but more importantly institutional in disseminating 'Townscape'. The intermittent collaboration between Hastings and Sharp was a part of Hastings's unrelenting effort in conceptualizing a model of environmental intervention linked to ideals of cultural continuity. Townscape series remained a part of AR during Hastings's editorial reign for more than a quarter century, repeating the same message for different contextual cases as an instrument of teaching its readers how to perceive, visualize and intervene into the urban environment, as much as Townscape was an inseparable component of Sharp's career as planner, lecturer and author that established precedents for many planners to follow.Article Citation - WoS: 66Citation - Scopus: 76Using Decision Trees for Determining Attribute Weights in a Case-Based Model of Early Cost Prediction(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2008) Doğan, Sevgi Zeynep; Arditi, David; Günaydın, Hüsnü MuratThis paper compares the performance of three different decision-tree-based methods of assigning attribute weights to be used in a case-based reasoning (CBR) prediction model. The generation of the attribute weights is performed by considering the presence, absence, and the positions of the attributes in the decision tree. This process and the development of the CBR simulation model are described in the paper. The model was tested by using data pertaining to the early design parameters and unit cost of the structural system of residential building projects. The CBR results indicate that the attribute weights generated by taking into account the information gain of all the attributes performed better than the attribute weights generated by considering only the appearance of attributes in the tree. The study is of benefit primarily to researchers, as it compares the impact of attribute weights generated by three different methods and, hence, highlights the fact that the prediction rate of models such as CBR largely depends on the data associated with the parameters used in the model.Conference Object News From the Field: Visual Planning and Urbanism in the Mid-Twentieth Century Conference, Newcastle, Uk, 11-13 September 2007(Routledge, 2008) Erten, ErdemWhile the understanding of planning or urban design through their visual aspects alone would be reductive, attitudes to planning that focus on visual and three-dimensional modes remain understudied. To fill this gap, a conference entitled, ‘Visual planning and urbanism in the mid-twentieth century’, was held in Newcastle on 11–13 September 2007. The conference focused on ‘a strand of more practical urbanism, modernist in flavour but historically informed [which sought] to recover positive conceptions of the city and town after the perceived deprivations of the nineteenth century’. The topics discussed at the conference papers focused upon the modern period, during which planners sought to rethink cities radically – as evidenced by such interventions as the CIAM doctrine codified by the Athens Charter, Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City, the de-urbanist proposals contained within Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City, or interpretations of the linear city by Okhitovich and Milyutin – but also remained critical of drastic restructuring.Article Citation - WoS: 87Citation - Scopus: 100Determining Attribute Weights in a Cbr Model for Early Cost Prediction of Structural Systems(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2006) Doğan, Sevgi Zeynep; Arditi, David; Günaydın, Hüsnü MuratThis paper compares the performance of three optimization techniques, namely feature counting, gradient descent, and genetic algorithms (GA) in generating attribute weights that were used in a spreadsheet-based case based reasoning (CBR) prediction model. The generation of the attribute weights by using the three optimization techniques and the development of the procedure used in the CBR model are described in this paper in detail. The model was tested by using data pertaining to the early design parameters and unit cost of the structural system of 29 residential building projects. The results indicated that GA-augmented CBR performed better than CBR used in association with the other two optimization techniques. The study is of benefit primarily to researchers as it compares the impact attribute weights generated by three different optimization techniques on the performance of a CBR prediction tool.Article Citation - WoS: 1Turkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era, 1908-1950(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2007) Erdoğdu Erkarslan, ÖzlemThis article examines the public status and educational background of Turkish women architects from 1908 to 1950. Writings on the history of architecture in Turkey, as in the West, have focused on heroic male figures. Key works produced before the late 1970s used data gathered mainly from Arkitekt, the first Turkish architectural magazine, whilst a second generation of Turkish architectural historians has preferred to investigate state and private archives. It is impossible to find a mention of women as architects in either bodies of work, although their contributions are indeed evident in the pages of Arkitekt. This article aims to fill some of these gaps in the highly gendered history of modern Turkish architecture by identifying and examining women's work as architects in Turkey in the first half of the twentieth century. It also explores the relationship between the women's liberation movement, the discipline of architecture, and modernization ideology associated with the Turkish Republic. It argues that women architects, who undertook important private commissions and were permitted to enter public competitions as anonymous entrants, did not encounter overt discrimination until the 1940s. Nevertheless, forms of indirect discrimination across the period served to silence women in the pages of the architectural press and to occlude them from key public commissions and offices.Article Citation - Scopus: 250A Neural Network Approach for Early Cost Estimation of Structural Systems of Buildings(Elsevier Ltd., 2004) Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat; Doğan, Sevgi ZeynepThe importance of decision making in cost estimation for building design processes points to a need for an estimation tool for both designers and project managers. This paper investigates the utility of neural network methodology to overcome cost estimation problems in early phases of building design processes. Cost and design data from thirty projects were used for training and testing our neural network methodology with eight design parameters utilized in estimating the square meter cost of reinforced concrete structural systems of 4-8 storey residential buildings in Turkey, an average cost estimation accuracy of 93% was achieved.Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 47Perceptions of Process Quality in Building Projects(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1999) Arditi, David; Günaydın, Hüsnü MuratA Delphi process and a questionnaire survey are conducted to investigate the differences in the perceptions of entry-level professionals and long-time practitioners with regard to process quality in building projects. The factors that affect process quality in the three phases (design, construction, and operation) of a building project's life cycle are identified and ranked by the respondents' perceived degree of importance. The findings indicate that the perceptions of entry-level professionals and long-time practitioners are in agreement for most (74%) of the factors. Given the differences in the respondents' background, expectations, and experience, differences in perceptions are to be expected in the remaining 26% of the factors. Analyzing these differences helps in revising and improving existing training courses and academic programs. It is recommended that college programs include courses that treat the administrative aspects involved in the building project in great detail and that continuing education programs cover quality training and life cycle cost analysis.