Architecture / Mimarlık

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24

Browse

Filters

2004 - 200932010 - 201925

Settings

End date: 2019Publisher: search.filters.publisher.Elsevier Ltd.

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 14
    Citation - Scopus: 14
    Photon-Mapping in Climate-Based Daylight Modelling With High-Resolution Bsdfs
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Grobe, Lars Oliver
    Visual comfort assessments employing luminance-based metrics rely on efficient CBDM techniques for image synthesis. Data-driven BSDF models allow to isolate internal light paths in optically CFS from CBDM. Bidirectional photon mapping is proposed for the efficient sampling of such models in the calculation of the direct solar component in CBDM. The method allows accurate image synthesis for visual comfort assessments with only two calculation steps, achieving comparable accuracy as the established but complex 5PM. The validity of the approach is confirmed by comparison with backward ray-tracing. Its exemplary application to compare two CFS in terms of glare control demonstrates the importance to achieve reconcilability of conflicting targets such as view and glare control in daylighting. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 40
    Citation - Scopus: 44
    Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection in a Double Skin Façade by Using Nodal Network Approach for Istanbul
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, Tahsin
    In this study, temperature distribution and heat transfer through the cavity of a double skin façade (DSF) was investigated in the laboratory environment and analyzed numerically by using nodal network approach. The verification of the nodal network method was conducted by using data from the steady-state experiments and the same method was applied for the climate of Istanbul, Turkey under unsteady outside boundary conditions. Furthermore, heat gain and loss values in DSF for January and July were calculated and compared with single skin façade (SSF) application for different directions of the façades. The results were given for a day and a working time period of the office buildings by using monthly average daily climate data. Distinction working hours were more convenient to investigate the energy performance of DSF because of solar radiation effect. Using DSF in all directions, the cooling loads decreased up to 26% comparing to the SSF. DSF system was disadvantageous comparing to the SSF for January. However, it was shown that the heated air in the cavity could be used for preheating process of air in a HVAC system for winter period.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 6
    Citation - Scopus: 8
    The Effect of Spatial Interventions on Historic Buildings' Indoor Climate (case Study: Tire Necip Paşa Library, Izmir-Turkey)
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Coşkun, Turgay; Gülhan, Özcan; Şahin, Cem Doğan; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden
    The indoor climate of historic libraries should meet rigorous requirements related to human thermal comfort and conservation of books, manuscripts and cultural proper-ties. Paper based collections in historic libraries can be deteriorated chemically, mechanically and biologically because of inadequate indoor climate conditions. In this paper, Necip Paşa Library, the historic library located in Tire-Izmir, Turkey, was selected as a case study. The chemical, mechanical and biological degradation risks on the manuscripts were evaluated based on the indoor climate parameters measured for one year period. The Library, consisting of a main hall, a manuscript zone and an entrance hall, was modelled via the dynamic simulation software, Design Builder. Calibration of the model was conducted with respect to the measured indoor temperature and relative humidity values. The portico/Revak at the south facade of Library was converted into the entrance hall by wooden framed windows in 1930. To be able to see the effect of that intervention on the indoor climate (correspondingly on degradation risk of the manuscripts), a new model, namely semi-open model, was created and simulated. A remarkable change has not been observed on chemical degradation risk when the results of semi-open and existing library models were compared, while mechanical and biological degradation risks were less in semi-open model.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 21
    Citation - Scopus: 27
    Applying Underfloor Heating System for Improvement of Thermal Comfort in Historic Mosques: the Case Study of Salepçioglu Mosque, Izmir, Turkey
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Bughrara, Khaled S. M.; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden
    Mosques differ from other types of buildings by having an intermittent operation schedule. Due to five prayer times per day throughout the year, mosques are fully or partially, yet periodically, occupied. This paper examines the potential of using an underfloor heating system for improvement of indoor thermal comfort in a historic mosque, which is naturally ventilated, heated and cooled, based on adaptive thermal comfort method. The selected Salepçioǧlu Mosque, housing valuable wall paintings, was built in 1905 in KemeraltI, Izmir, Turkey. It requires specific attention with its cultural heritage value. Firstly, indoor microclimate of the Mosque was monitored for one-year period of 2014-15. Then, dynamic simulation modelling tool, DesignBuilder v.4.2 was used to create the physical model of the Mosque. The ASHRAE Guideline 14 indices were utilized to calibrate the model, by comparing simulated and measured indoor air temperature to achieve hourly errors within defined ranges. The results of calibrated baseline model indicate that the Mosque does not satisfy acceptable thermal comfort levels for winter months that provided by the adaptive method. Then, the effect of underfloor heating was examined in the second model by the.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 12
    Citation - Scopus: 15
    Characterization and Data-Driven Modeling of a Retro-Reflective Coating in Radiance
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Grobe, Lars Oliver
    Retro-reflective coatings applied to blinds of reduced geometric complexity promise to provide view to the outside while effectively controlling solar gains and glare. To characterize the reflection characteristics of such coatings over the entire solar spectrum, a novel extension to a scanning gonio-photometer is developed. The extended instrument is tested and applied to measure a coating's Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function including the region of the retro-reflected peak. The measured datasets are compiled into a data-driven reflection model for the daylight simulation software RADIANCE. This model is applied to illustrate the coating's effect in a comparison to purely diffuse and specular surface finishes on geometrically identical, flat blinds. Daylight supply, the probability of glare, and solar gains are assessed for an exemplary, South-oriented office under sunny sky conditions. The results indicate the potential of the coating to effectively shade direct sunlight even if applied on blinds with minimalistic geometries. The modeling technique is shown to be a general means to replicate the irregular optical properties of the coating, which cannot be represented by the standard models in daylight simulation software.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 29
    Citation - Scopus: 39
    Investigation of Indoor Microclimate of Historic Libraries for Preventive Conservation of Manuscripts. Case Study: Tire Necip Paşa Library, Izmir-Turkey
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Şahin, Cem Doğan; Çoşkun, Turgay; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden
    Conservation of library collections requires an interdisciplinary approach. Dealing with the agents of deterioration via curative and preventive conservation methods has become a significant goal with new standards and norms in recent years. Preventive conservation aims indirect physical interventions such as climate control, good housekeeping and pest management. The aim of this study is to assess the degradation potential of indoor climate on valuable manuscripts that date back to 12th century, in a historic library in Tire-İzmir, Turkey. Through the study, first the library, namely Necip Paşa Library was continuously monitored by measurements of thermo-hygrometric parameters for one year. Then, the measured data were evaluated for the risk assessment based on the control classes of ASHRAE Chapter 21 to evaluate the mechanical, chemical and biological degradation risks. Finally, the conservation-oriented measures were proposed in order to keep the manuscripts under the better conditions. Results suggest that introducing a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system to the building should be considered as the last option since natural hygrothermal behavior of the library gives reasonably sufficient evidences to prevent the manuscripts from degradations to some extent. Therefore, passive solutions should be given higher priorities not to disturb environmental past of the historic library.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 30
    Citation - Scopus: 34
    Thermal Performance of Different Exterior Wall Structures Based on Wall Orientation
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Pekdoğan, Tuğçe; Başaran, Tahsin
    Heat transfer from opaque walls of buildings is very important for energy saving and providing thermal comfort in different climates. In this study, insulation models of opaque walls with different orientations and external, internal and sandwich materials were numerically analyzed in terms of their time-dependent thermal behaviors. The one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation was solved via the implicit finite difference method for summer and winter conditions and northern, southern, eastern and western orientations. Meteorological data for cities in Turkey with different climates, i.e., Ankara, Erzurum, İstanbul and İzmir, were used in these calculations. When the outside boundary conditions were defined by using January and July monthly averages of the daily data; the inside air temperature was assumed to be 20 °C and 24 °C in winter and summer. The results indicated that sandwich wall insulation produced more convenient heat loss and heat gain for each climate and direction. The standard deviations of the heat transfer values for the different directions were larger in summer than in winter because of the solar radiation effect. The numerical calculations for the sandwich wall applications were carried out for different insulation thicknesses namely 0.15 m and 0.25 m, and for an uninsulated wall; the results were also compared with Turkish directive on the thermal insulation of buildings, TS825 taken as a reference condition. Compared with the insulation thickness calculated based on the TS825, the heat loss and gain values could be decreased by up to 65% and 80% for the worst winter and summer conditions.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 40
    Citation - Scopus: 51
    Three Approaches To Optimize Optical Properties and Size of a South-Facing Window for Spatial Daylight Autonomy
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Grobe, Lars Oliver; Bauer, Carsten; Krehel, Marek; Wittkopf, Stephen
    This study presents optimization approaches by a recent Climate-Based-Daylight-Modeling tool, EvalDRC, to figure out the necessary area for a daylight redirecting micro-prism film (MPF) while minimizing the glazing area. The performance of a window in terms of spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) is optimized by its geometry and optical properties. Data implemented in simulation model are gathered through on-site measurements and Bidirectional-Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) gonio-measurements. EvalDRC based on Radiance with a data driven model of the films' BSDF evaluates the window configurations in the whole year. The case to achieve an sDA of at least 75% is a South-facing window of a classroom in Switzerland. A window zone from 0.90 m to 1.80 m height provides view to the outside. The upper zone from 1.80 m to 3.60 m is divided into six areas of 0.30 m height in three optimization approaches including the operation of sunshades as well. First, the size of the clear glazing is incrementally reduced to find the smallest acceptable window-to-wall ratio (WWR). Second, micro-prism films are applied to an incrementally varying fraction the initial glazed area to determine the minimum film-to-window ratio (FWR). Finally, both approaches are combined for a minimum FWR and WWR. With clear glazing and WWR of 75%, the sDA of 70.2% fails to meet the requirements. An sDA of 86.4% and 80.8% can be achieved with WWR 75%, FWR 1/9 and WWR 50%, FWR 1/2 respectively. The results demonstrate the films' potential to improve the performance of windows with reduced WWR.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 30
    Citation - Scopus: 32
    Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in a Double Skin Facade
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2016) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, Tahsin; Ezan, Mehmet Akif
    In this study, airflow and heat transfer in a rectangular cavity that simulates a double skin facade and includes natural convection were examined numerically and experimentally. This cavity separates the exterior space and the thermally controlled interior space. The temperatures of the surfaces that interact with these spaces were determined experimentally, while the other surfaces were regarded as adiabatic. With these temperature values, the parameters of the numerical study were defined. After the validation of the numerical model was completed based on experimental studies in the literature, the results related to flow and heat transfer in the cavity were analyzed. The numerical model provided results that agree with the air temperature values found experimentally in the cavity. Accordingly, in natural convection, with Rayleigh numbers ranging from 8.59 ∗ 109 to 1.41 ∗ 1010 and the effect of buoyancy on the regions close to the surface, the increasing tendency of the average Nusselt number from 142.6 to 168.8 was shown. In addition, a correlation between the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers for a cavity aspect ratio of 8.64 was constructed to evaluate the heat flux; this correlation was also shown graphically.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 23
    Citation - Scopus: 25
    Analysing Visual Pattern of Skin Temperature During Submaximal and Maximal Exercises
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Başaran, Tahsin; Çolakoğlu, Muzaffer
    Aims of this study were to examine our hypotheses assuming that (a) skin temperature patterns would differ between submaximal exercise (SE) and graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and (b) thermal kinetics of Tskin occurring in SE and GXT might be similar in a homogenous cohort. Core temperature (Tcore) also observed in order to evaluate thermoregulatory responses to SE and GXT. Eleven moderately to well-trained male athletes were volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; body surface area 1.93 ± 0.1 m2; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; V̇O2 max: 54 ± 9.9 mL min-1 kg-1). Under stabilized environmental conditions in climatic chamber, GXT to volitional exhaustion and 20-min SE at 60% of VO2 max were performed on cycle ergometer. Thermal analyses were conducted in 2-min intervals throughout exercise tests. Tskin was monitored by a thermal camera, while Tcore was recorded via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor. Thermal kinetic analyses showed that Tskin gradually decreased till the 7.58 ± 1.03th minutes, and then initiated to increase till the end of SE (Rsqr = 0.97), while Tskin gradually decreased throughout the GXT (Rsqr = 0.89). Decrease in the level of Tskin during the GXT was significantly below from the SE [F (4, 40) = 2.67, p = 0.07, ηp 2 = 0.211]. In the meantime, Tcore continuously increased throughout the SE and GXT (p < 0.05). Both GXT and SE were terminated at very close final Tcore values (37.8 ± 0.3 °C and 38.0 ± 0.3 °C, respectively; p > 0.05). However, total heat energies were calculated as 261.5 kJ/m2 and 416 kJ/m2 for GXT and SE, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, it seems that SE may be more advantageous than GXT in thermoregulation. In conclusion, Tcore gradually increased throughout maximal and submaximal exercises as expected. Tskin curves patterns found to be associated amongst participants at both GXT and SE. Therefore, Tskin kinetics may ensure an important data for monitoring thermoregulation in exercise.