Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Editorial How Doorknob Gets Its Meaning(Routledge, 2005) Doğan, Fehmi; Nersessian, Nancy J.Jerry Fodor’s (1998) Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong (hereafter referred to as Concepts) and Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star’s (1999) Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences (hereafter referred to as Sorting) represent orthogonal views of concepts and categories stemming from two very different philosophical traditions. Fodor focuses on theories of concepts, whereas Bowker and Star discuss what categories and classification systems are. For Fodor, concepts are mental particulars that apply to things in the world (p. 23).Article Citation - WoS: 61Citation - Scopus: 68Energy and Environmental Performance Based Decision Support Process for Early Design Stages of Residential Buildings Under Climate Change(Elsevier, 2019) Gerçek, Mümine; Arsan, Zeynep DurmuşBuilding design decisions have high impacts on energy and environmental performance of buildings. Especially, conscious decisions in earlier design stages are more significant due to lifespan impact of buildings. Deficiencies in systematic approach for design decision support to increase energy and environmental performance of buildings are projected as the major problems of this study. Decisions for performance-based design should be made in terms of the most effective design parameters peculiar for each project. This study exemplifies the act of design decision support in early design stage of a residential building in Turkey. The relation between design parameters and annual energy consumption for heating, cooling and annual operational CO2 emissions is examined by global sensitivity analyses for the present, 2020s, 2050s and 2080s weather conditions. Design process requires the assessment of the uncertainties in building performance caused both by design parameters and climate change. The results indicate that the decisions about solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC), and heat transfer coefficients (U) of transparent surfaces on building envelope have the highest impacts on energy and environmental performance of residential buildings in hot-humid climatic conditions.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 19Associations Between Thermal and Physiological Responses of Human Body During Exercise(MDPI, 2017) Başaran, Tahsin; Zora, Süleyman; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Çolakoğlu, MuzafferIn this study, thermal behaviours of the athletes were investigated with respect to thermal comfort and exercise intensity. The relationship between an index for analysing thermal comfort (Predicted Mean Vote: PMV) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which shows exercise intensity and exhaustion level was evaluated. Eleven moderately trained male athletes (V) over dotO(2max) 54 +/- 9.9 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) had volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 +/- 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 +/- 6.9 kg; height: 181 +/- 6.3 cm; Body surface area (BSA): 1.93 +/- 0.1 m(2); body fat: 12.6% +/- 4.2%; (V) over dotO(2max): 54 +/- 9.9 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)). Experiments were carried out by using a cycle ergometer in an air-conditioned test chamber which provided fresh air and had the ability to control the temperature and relative humidity. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to maximal oxygen consumption levels of the participants. Statistical analyses were conducted with the whole study cohort as well as the two separated groups. There was a moderate correlation between PMV and RPE for whole cohort (r: -0.51). When the whole cohort divided as low and high aerobic power groups, an average correlation coefficient at high oxygen consumption cohort decreased to r: -0.21, while the average correlation coefficient at low oxygen consumption cohort increased to r: -0.77. In conclusion, PMV and RPE have a high correlation in less trained participants, but not in the more trained ones. The case may bring to mind that thermal distribution may be better in high aerobic power group in spite of high RPE and thus the relation between PMV and RPE is affected by exercise performance status.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14Photon-Mapping in Climate-Based Daylight Modelling With High-Resolution Bsdfs(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Grobe, Lars OliverVisual comfort assessments employing luminance-based metrics rely on efficient CBDM techniques for image synthesis. Data-driven BSDF models allow to isolate internal light paths in optically CFS from CBDM. Bidirectional photon mapping is proposed for the efficient sampling of such models in the calculation of the direct solar component in CBDM. The method allows accurate image synthesis for visual comfort assessments with only two calculation steps, achieving comparable accuracy as the established but complex 5PM. The validity of the approach is confirmed by comparison with backward ray-tracing. Its exemplary application to compare two CFS in terms of glare control demonstrates the importance to achieve reconcilability of conflicting targets such as view and glare control in daylighting. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 44Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection in a Double Skin Façade by Using Nodal Network Approach for Istanbul(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, TahsinIn this study, temperature distribution and heat transfer through the cavity of a double skin façade (DSF) was investigated in the laboratory environment and analyzed numerically by using nodal network approach. The verification of the nodal network method was conducted by using data from the steady-state experiments and the same method was applied for the climate of Istanbul, Turkey under unsteady outside boundary conditions. Furthermore, heat gain and loss values in DSF for January and July were calculated and compared with single skin façade (SSF) application for different directions of the façades. The results were given for a day and a working time period of the office buildings by using monthly average daily climate data. Distinction working hours were more convenient to investigate the energy performance of DSF because of solar radiation effect. Using DSF in all directions, the cooling loads decreased up to 26% comparing to the SSF. DSF system was disadvantageous comparing to the SSF for January. However, it was shown that the heated air in the cavity could be used for preheating process of air in a HVAC system for winter period.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 15Characterization and Data-Driven Modeling of a Retro-Reflective Coating in Radiance(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Grobe, Lars OliverRetro-reflective coatings applied to blinds of reduced geometric complexity promise to provide view to the outside while effectively controlling solar gains and glare. To characterize the reflection characteristics of such coatings over the entire solar spectrum, a novel extension to a scanning gonio-photometer is developed. The extended instrument is tested and applied to measure a coating's Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function including the region of the retro-reflected peak. The measured datasets are compiled into a data-driven reflection model for the daylight simulation software RADIANCE. This model is applied to illustrate the coating's effect in a comparison to purely diffuse and specular surface finishes on geometrically identical, flat blinds. Daylight supply, the probability of glare, and solar gains are assessed for an exemplary, South-oriented office under sunny sky conditions. The results indicate the potential of the coating to effectively shade direct sunlight even if applied on blinds with minimalistic geometries. The modeling technique is shown to be a general means to replicate the irregular optical properties of the coating, which cannot be represented by the standard models in daylight simulation software.Article Citation - WoS: 29Citation - Scopus: 39Investigation of Indoor Microclimate of Historic Libraries for Preventive Conservation of Manuscripts. Case Study: Tire Necip Paşa Library, Izmir-Turkey(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Şahin, Cem Doğan; Çoşkun, Turgay; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenConservation of library collections requires an interdisciplinary approach. Dealing with the agents of deterioration via curative and preventive conservation methods has become a significant goal with new standards and norms in recent years. Preventive conservation aims indirect physical interventions such as climate control, good housekeeping and pest management. The aim of this study is to assess the degradation potential of indoor climate on valuable manuscripts that date back to 12th century, in a historic library in Tire-İzmir, Turkey. Through the study, first the library, namely Necip Paşa Library was continuously monitored by measurements of thermo-hygrometric parameters for one year. Then, the measured data were evaluated for the risk assessment based on the control classes of ASHRAE Chapter 21 to evaluate the mechanical, chemical and biological degradation risks. Finally, the conservation-oriented measures were proposed in order to keep the manuscripts under the better conditions. Results suggest that introducing a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system to the building should be considered as the last option since natural hygrothermal behavior of the library gives reasonably sufficient evidences to prevent the manuscripts from degradations to some extent. Therefore, passive solutions should be given higher priorities not to disturb environmental past of the historic library.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 34Thermal Performance of Different Exterior Wall Structures Based on Wall Orientation(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Pekdoğan, Tuğçe; Başaran, TahsinHeat transfer from opaque walls of buildings is very important for energy saving and providing thermal comfort in different climates. In this study, insulation models of opaque walls with different orientations and external, internal and sandwich materials were numerically analyzed in terms of their time-dependent thermal behaviors. The one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation was solved via the implicit finite difference method for summer and winter conditions and northern, southern, eastern and western orientations. Meteorological data for cities in Turkey with different climates, i.e., Ankara, Erzurum, İstanbul and İzmir, were used in these calculations. When the outside boundary conditions were defined by using January and July monthly averages of the daily data; the inside air temperature was assumed to be 20 °C and 24 °C in winter and summer. The results indicated that sandwich wall insulation produced more convenient heat loss and heat gain for each climate and direction. The standard deviations of the heat transfer values for the different directions were larger in summer than in winter because of the solar radiation effect. The numerical calculations for the sandwich wall applications were carried out for different insulation thicknesses namely 0.15 m and 0.25 m, and for an uninsulated wall; the results were also compared with Turkish directive on the thermal insulation of buildings, TS825 taken as a reference condition. Compared with the insulation thickness calculated based on the TS825, the heat loss and gain values could be decreased by up to 65% and 80% for the worst winter and summer conditions.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 51Three Approaches To Optimize Optical Properties and Size of a South-Facing Window for Spatial Daylight Autonomy(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Grobe, Lars Oliver; Bauer, Carsten; Krehel, Marek; Wittkopf, StephenThis study presents optimization approaches by a recent Climate-Based-Daylight-Modeling tool, EvalDRC, to figure out the necessary area for a daylight redirecting micro-prism film (MPF) while minimizing the glazing area. The performance of a window in terms of spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) is optimized by its geometry and optical properties. Data implemented in simulation model are gathered through on-site measurements and Bidirectional-Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) gonio-measurements. EvalDRC based on Radiance with a data driven model of the films' BSDF evaluates the window configurations in the whole year. The case to achieve an sDA of at least 75% is a South-facing window of a classroom in Switzerland. A window zone from 0.90 m to 1.80 m height provides view to the outside. The upper zone from 1.80 m to 3.60 m is divided into six areas of 0.30 m height in three optimization approaches including the operation of sunshades as well. First, the size of the clear glazing is incrementally reduced to find the smallest acceptable window-to-wall ratio (WWR). Second, micro-prism films are applied to an incrementally varying fraction the initial glazed area to determine the minimum film-to-window ratio (FWR). Finally, both approaches are combined for a minimum FWR and WWR. With clear glazing and WWR of 75%, the sDA of 70.2% fails to meet the requirements. An sDA of 86.4% and 80.8% can be achieved with WWR 75%, FWR 1/9 and WWR 50%, FWR 1/2 respectively. The results demonstrate the films' potential to improve the performance of windows with reduced WWR.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 32Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in a Double Skin Facade(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, Tahsin; Ezan, Mehmet AkifIn this study, airflow and heat transfer in a rectangular cavity that simulates a double skin facade and includes natural convection were examined numerically and experimentally. This cavity separates the exterior space and the thermally controlled interior space. The temperatures of the surfaces that interact with these spaces were determined experimentally, while the other surfaces were regarded as adiabatic. With these temperature values, the parameters of the numerical study were defined. After the validation of the numerical model was completed based on experimental studies in the literature, the results related to flow and heat transfer in the cavity were analyzed. The numerical model provided results that agree with the air temperature values found experimentally in the cavity. Accordingly, in natural convection, with Rayleigh numbers ranging from 8.59 ∗ 109 to 1.41 ∗ 1010 and the effect of buoyancy on the regions close to the surface, the increasing tendency of the average Nusselt number from 142.6 to 168.8 was shown. In addition, a correlation between the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers for a cavity aspect ratio of 8.64 was constructed to evaluate the heat flux; this correlation was also shown graphically.