Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 15Photon Mapping in Image-Based Visual Comfort Assessments With Bsdf Models of High Resolution(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Grobe, Lars OliverData-driven models replicate the irregular Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions (BSDFs) of optically Complex Fenestration Systems in daylight simulation. RADIANCE employs the tensor tree to store the BSDF at high directional resolution. Its application in backward ray-tracing is however challenging, since the density of stochastic samples must match the model resolution. BSDF proxy and peak extraction address this problem, but are limited to cases when either the fenestration geometry, or the shape and direction of the transmission peak are known. Photon Mapping is proposed to efficiently sample arbitrary BSDFs from the known sun direction. The existing implementation in RADIANCE is extended to account for light sources and their reflections in the field of view, that are of particular importance for visual comfort assessments. The method achieves a high degree of accordance with ray-tracing, and reduces simulation times by approximate to 95% with data-driven models of high resolution.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 6Use of Analogies, Metaphors, and Similes by Students and Reviewers at an Undergraduate Architectural Design Review(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Doğan, Fehmi; Taneri, Batuhan; Erbil, LivanurThis study investigates the use of similarities in the form of analogy, metaphor, and simile by students and reviewers in an undergraduate architectural design review. In contrast to studies conducted in vitro settings, this study emphasizes the importance of studying analogies, metaphors, and similes in a natural setting. All similarity relationships were coded according to their type, the level of expertise, range, frequency, goal, value judgment, and depth. The results indicate that analogies, metaphors, and similes were used spontaneously and without any difficulty by both reviewers and students. Reviewers, however, were almost twice as likely to evoke similarities. Metaphor was the most frequently used similarity relationship among the three. It was found that there was a significant relationship between the level of expertise and type of similarity, with students more likely to use analogies and less likely to use similes. It was also found that goal is the most important factor, with a significant relation to all other variables, and that embodiment is often invoked in both students' and reviewers' metaphors. We conclude that design education should take full advantage of students' natural ability to benefit from similarity relationships.Article The Sustainability of an Urban Ritual in the Collective Memory: Bergama Kermesi(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019) İnceköse, ÜlküBergama Festival, locally known as Bergama Kermesi, is an annual festival which dates back to 22 May 1937 in the city. It came into existence as a result of Ataturk's intention to introduce this, an extraordinary town with its historical and cultural properties, and promote it internationally. The Festival is an important element in the collective memory of the city. Initially, it was a civic event, a device in the formation process of the Turkish Republic. However, now, it is a civil event for national and international representatives, and a festival that allows locals and guests from different social, economic, and cultural backgrounds to mix freely and equally for a certain period. In the course of the Festival, the public buildings and the open spaces of the town become places of activity and entertainment. Parks, stadiums, the town square, and streets function as spaces for a variety of activities. Looking back at its 81-year history, one can notice some important changes in the Festival's cultural and social practices, from an earlier state-dominated character into the current more publicly oriented one. This article studies the change of Bergama Festival as an invented tradition' into an element of the collective memory in town from the perspective of different public affairs that it introduces. In this regard, the article will also show how an urban ritual can maintain its sustainability by keeping itself fresh in the social life.Article Citation - Scopus: 9Behind the 3d Scene: a Gis Approach for Managing the Chronological Information of Historic Buildings(MDPI, 2018) Saygı, Gamze; Agugiaro, Giorgio; Hamamcıoğlu Turan, MineHistoric buildings are representations of cultural systems throughout time. Thus, it is important to shed light on any given historic building’s chronological information by means of restitution, that is, the descriptions of different (re)compositions of a building for different historical states. However, the representation of information beyond the geometric, spatial, and physical characteristics of a historic building carries a crucial importance in the holistic understanding of historical changes. This requirement consists of representation, archival, assessment, and management aspects. Nevertheless, covering all these aspects is still quite challenging. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) visualization in digital platforms is considered, which indeed seems to be the most desirable way today. This article proposes a methodology through adopting an approach based on the Geographical Information System (GIS) and further develops a digital “container” as a 3D digital model for the archiving of a building’s chronological information. This does not only cover the geometric and spatial aspects, but also the historical resources and their reliability. The paper concludes that the developed prototype may lessen the future investigation effort of heritage specialists by making the chronological information of a historical building more integrated and coherent, through increased readability, accessibility, and visibility. This, in turn, supports the planning of restoration projects, as well as provides a static and comprehensive archive. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 27Exploring the Impact of External Shading System on Cognitive Task Performance, Alertness and Visual Comfort in a Daylit Workplace Environment(SAGE Publications Inc., 2019) Leccese, F.; Salvodori, G.; Öner, Merve; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe authors examined the effect of external shading system on cognitive performance, alertness and visual comfort of visual display terminal (VDT) users under two realistic office lighting settings in this study. Daylight was the source of illumination being considered as the most significant and preferred one. A total of 26 participants performed visual and cognitive demanding tasks as well as providing subjective alertness, performance and visual evaluations in a full-scale mock-up VDT workstation. Two trials (with and without shading system) were executed during one experimental session. Results revealed that the use of a shading system improves the performance of a user on colour-naming task requiring sustained attention, while no differential effects were observed on tasks involving other cognitive skills such as search velocity and vigilance. Within-subject performance differences were more pronounced during morning hours. Higher performance was reported in some cognitive tests when the subjective sensation of visual discomfort was lower.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Exploring House Price Dynamics: an Agent-Based Simulation With Behavioral Heterogeneity(Springer Verlag, 2019) Özbakan, Tolga A.; Kale, Serdar; Dikmen, İremThe objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of price formations in housing markets through an agent-based simulation that conceptualizes insights from behavioral economics. For this purpose, the study uses a prominent real estate market model as a benchmark and extends it to account for (1) behavioral heterogeneity and (2) dynamic agent interaction. The validation of the model is carried out by using real data from the Turkish housing market. The results show that the introduction of a fitness-based behavior-switching regime with myopic agents improves the extent to which the observed market behavior can be replicated, in comparison to the benchmark model.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 9Fuzzy Logic Model for the Categorization of Manual Lighting Control Behaviour Patterns Based on Daylight Illuminance and Interior Layout(SAGE Publications Inc., 2019) Cılasun Kunduracı, Arzu; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeIn considering total building energy consumption, lighting plays an important role in shaping energy consumption and use. Although key strategies (such as energy efficient lighting products, lighting control systems and energy simulation software) are developed so far, such attempts may be unsuccessful unless users are not taken into consideration. Users’ behaviours and their manual lighting control actions depend on various factors, though within the scope of this study manual lighting control behaviour was analysed only in terms of interior layout and daylight illuminance. Three private offices in Izmir Institute of Technology were monitored using illuminance metres and occupancy/light detectors under eight different interior layout conditions. In relation to change of interior layout and daylight penetrations, users’ manual lighting control behaviours were monitored. The obtained data were then used to construct a fuzzy logic model in MATLAB FIS editor. A fuzzy logic algorithm was applied to classify behaviour patterns about the tendency to turn on the lights. This kind of prediction of the light usage tendency regarding the occupancy is aimed to foresee the ‘possible’ manual lighting control behaviour within given conditions. The gathered classification can be used further in future studies of manual lighting control behaviour and energy-saving estimations/simulations.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Computational Combination of the Optical Properties of Fenestration Layers at High Directional Resolution(MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017) Grobe, Lars OliverComplex fenestration systems typically comprise co-planar, clear and scattering layers. As there are many ways to combine layers in fenestration systems, a common approach in building simulation is to store optical properties separate for each layer. System properties are then computed employing a fast matrix formalism, often based on a directional basis devised by JHKlems comprising 145 incident and 145 outgoing directions. While this low directional resolution is found sufficient to predict illuminance and solar gains, it is too coarse to replicate the effects of directionality in the generation of imagery. For increased accuracy, a modification of the matrix formalism is proposed. The tensor-tree format of RADIANCE, employing an algorithm subdividing the hemisphere at variable resolutions, replaces the directional basis. The utilization of the tensor-tree with interfaces to simulation software allows sharing and re-use of data. The light scattering properties of two exemplary fenestration systems as computed employing the matrix formalism at variable resolution show good accordance with the results of ray-tracing. Computation times are reduced to 0.4% to 2.5% compared to ray-tracing through co-planar layers. Imagery computed employing the method illustrates the effect of directional resolution. The method is supposed to foster research in the field of daylighting, as well as applications in planning and design.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 7A New Approach To the Generation of Retractable Plate Structures Based on One-Uniform Tessellations(The American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME), 2017) Gazi Gezgin, Aylin; Korkmaz, KorayRetractable plate structure (RPS) is a family of structures that is a set of cover plates connected by revolute joints. There exists wide range of possibilities related with these structures in architecture. Configuring the suitable shape of rigid plates that are able to be enclosed without any gaps or overlaps in both closed and open configurations and eliminating the possibility of contact between the plates during the deployment have been the most important issues in RPS design process. Many researchers have tried to find the most suitable shape by using kinematical or empirical analysis so far. This study presents a novel approach to find the suitable shape of the plates and their assembly order without any kinematical or empirical analysis. This approach is benefited from the one-uniform mathematical tessellation technique that gives the possibilities of tiling a plate using regular polygons without any gaps or overlaps. In the light of this technique, the shape of the plates is determined as regular polygons and two conditions are introduced to form RPS in which regular polygonal plates are connected by only revolute joints. It should be noted that these plates are not allowed to become overlapped during deployment and form gaps in closed configuration. Additionally, this study aims to reach a single degreeof- freedom (DoF) RPS. It presents a systematic method to convert multi-DoF RPS into single DoF RPS by using the similarity between graph theory and the duality of tessellation.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 4Subjectivity in Design Education: the Perception of the City Through Personal Maps(Blackwell Publishing, 2016) Yılmaz, EbruOur mental maps related to the cities are limited by our personal perception and fragmented in the process. There are many inner and outer effects that shape our mental maps, and as a result the fragmented whole refers to the total city image in our minds. To represent this image, an experimental study has been conducted with a group of students. They used mapping techniques to design subjective maps. Maps, in general, are objective, and produced by standardised techniques which connote similar meanings for everyone. In contrast, artists and designers use maps as liberating objects of representations. Thus, using mapping techniques, inventing new ways of narration and gaining new understandings towards the city we dwell in are the basic aims of this study. Final designs can be evaluated as tools to question subjectivity in both design and architectural education.