Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Art and Construction Related Qualities of 14th‒15th Century Monuments in a Rural Landscape on the Western Coast of Türkiye(KeAi Communications Co., 2024) Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Aktaş, Engin; Toköz, Özge DenizThis study aims to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of art and construction in the early settlements established by Turkish communities on the far west Asian coast by focusing on two developed examples in Urla Peninsula. Conventional surveying and evaluation techniques of architectural restoration and civil engineering were utilized. Key findings include the understanding of the hierarchy of rural settlements in the studied landscape: old Çesme the most developed village of peninsula in the 16th century. It was positioned along a valley in distance to coast, but in control of harbor that played significant role in commerce between Europe and Asia. Its mosque and tomb, dated to late 14th – early 15th centuries, used to crown it. Cylindrical minaret tower of mosque, domed tomb tower on a cubical base and squinch in the transition zone of mosque are evidences for Central Asian roots. Usage of local lime stone, re-usage of andesite blocks, framing of the stone blocks with bricks, and pendentive in tomb refer to Roman-Byzantine constructions. The study presents the development of Turkish art and construction on the far west Asian coast in the 14th‒15th centuries. Findings will be a guide for related conservation management in similar contexts. © 2024 The Author(s)Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 17Optimizing Thermal Comfort in Physical Exercise Spaces: a Study of Spatial and Thermal Factors(Elsevier, 2024) Avcı, Ali Berkay; Balcı, Görkem Aybars; Başaran, TahsinFitness centers have become famous for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They require different thermal comfort conditions and higher fresh air supply rates than other indoor spaces. However, even well-designed centers may cause discomfort due to factors such as design decisions, ventilation, overheating, and overcrowding. The standards for fitness centers do not consider these specific requirements sufficiently, so this study focuses on understanding the thermal comfort requirements during physical exercise and evaluating spatial and thermal factors affecting the thermal environment around the body. The study investigated the ceiling height, lateral and frontal distances between machines, and vent locations as spatial factors and inlet temperature and air velocity as thermal factors. A thirty-minute moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise test was conducted in a controlled climatic chamber using a cycle ergometer with six healthy male participants. The experiment conditions were simulated in CFD software using the collected data. Once a validated simulation model was provided, computational models for different environmental and spatial scenarios for the five-person cycling class were generated. Using Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal arrays method, nine spatial scenarios were simulated with three different thermal operations each. Optimal factor levels were determined by using thermal comfort conditions (based on predicted mean vote) around the body's thermal plume. The results showed that a ceiling height of 5 m, lateral and frontal distances of 1 m and 0.5 m between machines, and Type 2 (two inlets mounted on the ceiling) ventilation strategy were optimal for achieving better thermal comfort values in a thermal condition of 18 °C and 0.2 m·s−1. The study found that increasing the ceiling height and using cross-positioned vents that project air vertically from the ceiling improved the comfort conditions significantly. It is expected that these criteria, which were determined, compared with the standards and detailed, will contribute to the production processes of comfortable exercise spaces.Article Citation - WoS: 1On-Site Measurements of Temperature and Humidity Conditions for the Comparison of Urban and Rural Sub-Spaces of Traditional Settlements: Historical City of Mugla, Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Timur, Barış Ali; Başaran, Tahsin; İpekoğlu, BaşakOne of the significant processes that ensures realistic determination of the energy needs of historical buildings is case-specific definition of their local microclimatic conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine differences for the parameters of temperature and humidity in urban and rural sub-settlements of the historical city, Mugla/Turkey. Study method consists of on-site measurements of these variables in sub-settlements for comparisons. As a result, it was identified urban zone shows heat island characteristics with warmer, drier, and more stable conditions; while rural sub-settlement remains cooler, more humid, and more erratic. In parallel, calculated extents of these differences demonstrate the significance and necessity of on-site measurements and consequential microclimatic zoning of historical cities as conservation/planning tools for responding to the thermal needs of architectural heritage. A key application of these processes would be the establishment of local databases of case-specific weather data to be used in thermal simulation assessments.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 14Out-Of Seismic Performance of Bed-Joint Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (aac) Infill Walls Damaged Under Cyclic In-Plane Displacement Reversals(Elsevier, 2023) Halıcı, Ömer Faruk; Demir, Uğur; Zabbar, Yassin; İlki, AlperThe infill walls made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), which is a lightweight, fire resistant and energy efficient material, provide effective insulation solutions for building types of structures and becoming more and more popular in earthquake prone regions. Although the number of experimental tests examining the seismic response of clay brick infills is extensive, the amount of prior research on infill walls built of AAC blocks is rather limited. Past research revealed that the use of bed-joint reinforcement is one of the promising solutions to improve the global seismic response of masonry walls by enhancing strength and displacement capacity. In this study, the out-of-plane (OOP) seismic performance of AAC infill walls with flat-truss and innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement is experimentally evaluated. Also, consideration is given to the prior in-plane (IP) damage, which was found to degrade the seismic performance of infills in OOP direction. For this purpose, three IP and four OOP, in total, seven experimental tests were performed on four full-scale AAC infill wall specimens. The test parameters were selected in such a way as to make it possible to parametrically compare the OOP performance of AAC infills with flat-truss and cord-type bed-joint reinforcements with unreinforced AAC infill walls, together with the effect of prior IP damage on the OOP response of unreinforced AAC infill walls. It was found that the use of innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement improved the OOP strength to a similar extent to what was obtained from the truss-type reinforced specimen. In terms of ultimate displacement and energy dissipation capacity enhancement, the specimen with cord-type reinforcement performed better. In addition, the damages formed due to IP cyclic displacement reversals up to 0.005 drift ratio, which is defined as the drift limit for buildings with brittle infill walls in certain design codes, resulted in a significant reduction in the OOP strength and stiffness properties of AAC infills. The theoretical OOP strength calculations were found to provide unconservative strength values for the IP-damaged specimens.Article Citation - WoS: 77Citation - Scopus: 95Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Potential of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (bipv) Systems: a Comprehensive Review of Effects and Developments(Elsevier, 2023) Taşer, Aybüke; Kundakçı Koyunbaba, Başak; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeAccording to energy consumption data of the European Union, buildings account for 40 % of overall energy consumption in all sectors. The rise in building energy demand seriously affects global warming. To reduce demand, buildings must be designed to be energy-efficient. As part of energy-efficiency initiatives, unique systems that employ renewable energy sources should be implemented in buildings. As a new technology, building-integrated photovoltaics is considered an essential technology to achieve this target. Several variables affect the thermal, daylight, and energy performance of building-integrated photovoltaic systems; related to environmental and photovoltaic-related parameters. Thus, the challenges and effects of these variables on the overall performance of these systems should be investigated. This research analyzes building-integrated photovoltaic implemented studies and presents a state-of-art review of recent developments. The study not only summarizes the existing studies developed in this field so far but also analyzes the variables and makes concrete generalizations and inferences. It enables finding gaps and deficiencies in the literature and provides a better understanding of all the variables that affect the performance of building-integrated photovoltaic systems by interpreting the results in detail and representing them graphically instead of only through textual analysis. Results show that building-integrated photovoltaics contribute to constructing a sustainable future for cities. Developments in this industry motivate researchers in this field, whose work will make it easier to cope with future ecological challenges. It helps to build a more sustainable future for society. With new developments, it will be possible to mitigate the effects of future environmental problems.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Integrating Building and Context Information for Automated Zoning Code Checking: a Review(International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, 2022) Demir Altıntaş, Yelin; İlal, Mustafa EmreInteroperability approaches have attracted much attention in the AEC/FM industry with the increased interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM) studies since 2000's. Especially, the integration of BIM with GIS is crucial for areas, which need detailed information on buildings and their surroundings. Automated code compliance checking against zoning codes is an area that requires both zoning data and building design data. In an ideal automated zoning code checking process, building codes should be retrieved from the responsible authority, data regarding the neighborhood the project is located in should be retrieved directly from the local municipality's GIS, and the building project should be supplied by the designer as a BIM file. The checking process should be able to work with a combination of GIS and BIM data and generate a compliance report. Although recent BIM-GIS integration efforts have been successful in some areas, BIM-GIS integration studies in the context of automated zoning code compliance checking are limited, and the data interoperability problem in this field still needs to be addressed. This paper intends to (1) provide a critical review and analysis of the current BIM and GIS integration studies for building permit processes, (2) present the opportunities that the implementation of integrating BIM and GIS might bring to the automated zoning compliance checking domain and (3) identify promising integration approaches for future efforts.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Everyday Life Rhythms and Urban Morphology: the Square of Bursa Kent Meydani Shopping Center, Turkey(SAGE Publications, 2022) Gümüş, İmran; Yılmaz, EbruThe aim of this study is to search for the relationship between the morphological character of urban space and the rhythms of everyday life. Initially, behavioral maps are created by observing daily life rhythms, video recordings are taken on weekend and weekday, the snapshot technique, video recordings, and the pedestrian count analysis are used. In the second step, morphological analyses of the study area are prepared by using space syntax approach. Connectivity, local, and global integration values are obtained through creating axial map, and, in addition, visibility graph analysis (VGA) is performed. Bursa Kent Meydani Shopping Center (BKMSC) consists of a square and the shopping units surrounding it. This area was the main transportation point as Central Bus Station Complex until 2006. The area was selected within the scope of the study because its changing public use due to the functional transformation of the area plays a significant role in the identity of the Bursa. The behavioral maps obtained from the observational data give information about user mobility, various actions, and the activities' locations on weekends and weekdays. By correlating and comparing behavioral and space syntax maps analyses, the relationship between the rhythmic character and the morphological structure of the urban space is tested. The study presents original data by revealing the effects of the morphological elements of Bursa on the daily rhythms of the square of BKMSC. The case study is limited to the surveys conducted in 2 days and three different times of the day. The relationship between observational data and space syntax data shows that daily life rhythms are not independent of the morphological factors.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Profiling the Bacterial Diversity in Historic Limestone From Anazarbos Archaeological Site by Advanced Molecular and Spectroscopic Techniques(University of the Aegean, 2022) Aydın, Rozelin; İpekci, Emre; Daday, Mine Taykurt; Yüceer, Hülya; Böke, HasanThe architectural remains as well as sculptures, mosaics, and other artifacts in the archaeological sites are mostly made of stone and susceptible to biodeterioration by microorganisms. Bacterial communities are known to have the most effective role in biological deterioration in stones. The ancient city of Anazarbos (Anavarza), chosen as the study area, is the 1st Degree Archaeological Site in the vicinity of Dilekkaya Village, Kozan District, about 70 km north of Adana. The microbiological, chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of stone samples taken from different places were studied in this research. Samples were taken from i) where no deterioration occurred, ii) where different forms of deterioration were observed, iii) archaeological deposits, iii) archaeological deposits that came from deteriorated stone samples area. Spectroscopic, thermal, and microscopic techniques applied included: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive System (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). The bacterial biodiversity was analyzed by the application of Illumina-based next-generation sequencing methods. Results show intense biological colonisations with clay minerals on limestone surfaces. A patina of clay minerals was observed on newly excavated stone surfaces, while biological colonisations have not yet intensified. The metabarcoding analysis showed 15 bacterial phyla. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in both stones and archaeological deposits samples. Human activity (intensive agriculture, animal husbandry), accumulation of rainwater in excavated areas adversely affects stones, which leads to acceleration of biological deterioration in stones. Thus, all features of the site require multi-faceted studies prior to unearthing of archaeological remains.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6An Instructive Model of Integrating Sustainability Into the Undergraduate Design Studio(Elsevier, 2022) Mohamed, Kamal EldinArchitectural education prepares the students for their professional lives by teaching them design skills and technical knowledge. The design studio is a special course within the architectural curriculum, while the design itself is a structured process to accomplish a unique expectation of a product. The concept of sustainability in design is intended to ensure that the design product is in harmony with people and nature. The literature presented a lack of an instructive method of integrating sustainability into the design studio. This paper presents a comparison for the three executed consecutively experimental studies of integrating sustainability principles into the architectural design studio as well as presents a discussion of the experimental studios together with the evaluations and assessments. Also, it presents the post-course interviews' results, discussion, and conclusions. The paper's objective is to present an instructive model of Sustainable Architecture Design Studio (SADS) work that will provide the academic area a complete method that can be followed to integrate sustainability principles into the design studio.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Loop Based Classification of Planar Scissor Linkages(Springer, 2022) Kiper, Gökhan; Korkmaz, Koray; Gür, Şebnem; Yar Uncu, Müjde; Maden, Feray; Akgün, Yenal; Karagöz, CevahirScissor linkages have been used for several applications since ancient Greeks and Romans. In addition to simple scissor linkages with straight rods, linkages with angulated elements have been introduced in the last decades. In the related literature, two methods have been used to design scissor linkages, one of which is based on scissor elements, and the other is based on assembling loops. This study presents a systematic classification of scissor linkages as assemblies of rhombus, kite, dart, parallelogram and anti-parallelogram loops using frieze patterns and long-short diagonal connections. After the loops are replicated along a curve as a pattern, the linkages are obtained by selection of proper common link sections for adjacent loops. The resulting linkages are analyzed for their motions and they are classified as realizing scaling deployable, angular deployable or transformable motion. Some of the linkages obtained are novel. Totally 10 scalable deployable, 1 angular deployable and 8 transformable scissor linkages are listed. Designers in architecture and engineering can use this list of linkages as a library of scissor linkage topologies.