Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Comparison of Advanced Daylighting Systems To Improve Illuminance and Uniformity Through Simulation Modelling(Znack Publishing House, 2014) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Fırat Örs, PelinDeficiencies in daylighting performance (illuminance and uniformity) of educational facilities may cause health problems, work performance loss and excessive energy consumption. The varying nature of daylight in daily and yearly basis is a strong challenge on that matter. Advanced daylighting systems have been developed to overcome this challenge. Improving the daylighting performance of existing buildings is another difficulty in daylighting design. Daylighting design needs should be carefully considered at the initial design stages of the buildings. So, the aim of this study was to improve the illuminance and uniformity in four selected architectural design studios in Izmir. Measurements of daylight illuminance were conducted in May and June 2012. Simulation models were built in Ecotect/Radiance. To reach the best daylighting performance, simulations were carried out by Desktop Radiance with applying laser cut panels, prismatic panels and light shelves. It is considered that retrofitting efforts after the construction would be inadequate regarding daylighting, unless complying with the standards during the design process.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Photon Mapping To Accelerate Daylight Simulation With High-Resolution, Data-Driven Fenestration Models(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2019) Grobe, Lars OliverData-driven modelling provides a general means to represent optically complex fenestration in daylight simulation by its Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF). Radiance employs the tensor tree as a compact data structure to store the BSDF at high directional resolution. The application of such models under sunny sky conditions is, however, computationally demanding, since the density of stochastic backward samples must match the BSDF resolution. The bidirectional Photon Map is proposed to rapidly forward-sample the BSDF, starting from the known sun direction. Its exemplary application shows a potential speed-up of ≥ 98% when compared to backward ray-tracing.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 11Analysis of the Relationship Between Daylight Illuminance and Cognitive, Affective and Physiological Changes in Visual Display Terminal Workers(SAGE Publications Inc., 2019) Öner, Merve; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Leccese, F.; Salvadori, G.This study explored the impact of daylight illuminance on cognitive load during visual display terminal use by means of various physiological, performance and subjective measures. Repeated-measures design was adopted to identify the impact of variations in daylight levels that were manipulated through the shading system configurations (shading-on; shading-off). A total of 30 subjects performed visual and cognitive demanding tests. Performance measures were supported by subjective data and eye-related measures during the experimental analysis. Results revealed that the use of a shading system had positive impact on sustained attention. Concerning ocular measures, percentage of eye closure values showed opposite tendencies among vigilance and sustained attention demanding tests. Eye aspect ratio-max and blink duration were significantly correlated with reported glare sensation. In all tests, eye aspect ratio-max was found significantly higher in lower illuminances. Search velocity was significantly correlated with ocular variables in higher illuminances whereas sustained attention showed an opposite trend. This, initially, explains that even slight differences in daylight illuminance might have distinctive effects on the relationship between different groups of assessment variables while measuring cognitive load. Secondly, it proves the significance of carrying out sensitive experiments in terms of both light levels and test characteristics.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Illuminance and Luminance Based Ratios in the Scope of Performance Testing of a Light Shelf-Reflective Louver System in a Library Reading Room(Znack Publishing House, 2019) Öner, Merve; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeUncontrolled daylight brings visual and thermal problems that may result in negative interactions with user comfort, productivity, well-being, and human health. Library spaces, in which reading, writing, and computer task activities are performed, need to be well designed in terms of daylight performance to enhance user satisfaction. The focus of this study is to make a performance test of a light shelf-reflective louver system to improve the visual performance conditions of a library reading room. First, the instrumental monitoring of existing daylighting conditions was performed. Second, Relux model was prepared to evaluate luminance patterns and illuminance distribution. Third, a new light shelf-reflective louver system was proposed based on the insufficiencies of the simulation results. The performance of the new system was found highly satisfactory based on the findings of enhanced luminance patterns and uniformity ratios especially at the points near the windows.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 27Exploring the Impact of External Shading System on Cognitive Task Performance, Alertness and Visual Comfort in a Daylit Workplace Environment(SAGE Publications Inc., 2019) Leccese, F.; Salvodori, G.; Öner, Merve; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe authors examined the effect of external shading system on cognitive performance, alertness and visual comfort of visual display terminal (VDT) users under two realistic office lighting settings in this study. Daylight was the source of illumination being considered as the most significant and preferred one. A total of 26 participants performed visual and cognitive demanding tasks as well as providing subjective alertness, performance and visual evaluations in a full-scale mock-up VDT workstation. Two trials (with and without shading system) were executed during one experimental session. Results revealed that the use of a shading system improves the performance of a user on colour-naming task requiring sustained attention, while no differential effects were observed on tasks involving other cognitive skills such as search velocity and vigilance. Within-subject performance differences were more pronounced during morning hours. Higher performance was reported in some cognitive tests when the subjective sensation of visual discomfort was lower.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Scale-Model and Simulation-Based Assessments for Design Alternatives of Daylight Redirecting Systems for Side-Lighting in an Educational Design Room(Middle East Technical University, 2017) Grobe, Lars Oliver; Hancı Geçit, Burcu; Sevinç, Zeynep; Altınkaya, Gülce; Aksakarya, Gizem; Ergin, Meltem; Öztürk, Yasemin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeDaylight has been proven to have positive effects on well-being, comfort and performance of occupants in buildings; it specifically increases learning performance in educational buildings. Side-lighting from one direction leads to unbalanced and insufficient illuminance, especially in large and deep spaces. A design studio at the Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) in Urla, Turkey, has been chosen as an example of a space in such a context. Its geometrical attributes has taken to be the baseline. First, four daylight redirecting systems are applied on its 1/15 scale model to understand and compare their redirection behavior visually. Second, measurements on the scale model are taken to compare the daylight illuminance distributions. Third, to assess the overall performance in the sunny climate, illuminance and luminance maps for photorealistic visualization are calculated in monthly steps over one year. For efficient calculation of the time-steps to be considered, the daylight coefficient method has been applied. Though light ducts are found to be effective for high sun angles, in summer and equinoxes; very low illuminance in entire space make them fail in winter. Light shelves are determined to be the most convenient ones for this space, since they provided sufficient, uniform and high illuminance in equinoxes and winter.Article Citation - Scopus: 8High-Resolution Data-Driven Models of Daylight Redirection Components(TU Delft Open, 2017) Grobe, Lars Oliver; Wittkopf, Stephen; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeDaylight Redirecting Components (DRCs) guide daylight to zones with insufficient daylight exposure. They reduce energy demand for lighting, heating and cooling, and improve visual and thermal comfort. The data-driven model in Radiance is a means to model DRCs in daylight simulation. Rather than internal optical mechanisms, their resulting Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) is replicated. We present models of two DRCs that are generated from measurements. The impact of the following three necessary steps in the generation of data-driven models from measured BSDF shall be evaluated: 1) interpolation between measurements at sparse sets of incident directions; 2) extrapolation for directions that cannot be measured; 3) application of a directional basis of given directional resolution. It is shown that data-driven models can provide a realistic representation of both DRCs. The sensitivity to effects from interpolation differs for the two DRCs due to the varying complexity of their BSDFs. Due to the irregularity of the measured BSDFs, extrapolation is not reliable and fails for both tested DRCs. Different measurement and modeling protocols should be applied to different class systems, rather than aiming at a common low-resolution discretization.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 51Three Approaches To Optimize Optical Properties and Size of a South-Facing Window for Spatial Daylight Autonomy(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Grobe, Lars Oliver; Bauer, Carsten; Krehel, Marek; Wittkopf, StephenThis study presents optimization approaches by a recent Climate-Based-Daylight-Modeling tool, EvalDRC, to figure out the necessary area for a daylight redirecting micro-prism film (MPF) while minimizing the glazing area. The performance of a window in terms of spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) is optimized by its geometry and optical properties. Data implemented in simulation model are gathered through on-site measurements and Bidirectional-Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) gonio-measurements. EvalDRC based on Radiance with a data driven model of the films' BSDF evaluates the window configurations in the whole year. The case to achieve an sDA of at least 75% is a South-facing window of a classroom in Switzerland. A window zone from 0.90 m to 1.80 m height provides view to the outside. The upper zone from 1.80 m to 3.60 m is divided into six areas of 0.30 m height in three optimization approaches including the operation of sunshades as well. First, the size of the clear glazing is incrementally reduced to find the smallest acceptable window-to-wall ratio (WWR). Second, micro-prism films are applied to an incrementally varying fraction the initial glazed area to determine the minimum film-to-window ratio (FWR). Finally, both approaches are combined for a minimum FWR and WWR. With clear glazing and WWR of 75%, the sDA of 70.2% fails to meet the requirements. An sDA of 86.4% and 80.8% can be achieved with WWR 75%, FWR 1/9 and WWR 50%, FWR 1/2 respectively. The results demonstrate the films' potential to improve the performance of windows with reduced WWR.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 9Simulation-Based Retrofitting of an Educational Building in Terms of Optimum Shading Device and Energy Efficient Artificial Lighting Criteria(Znack Publishing House, 2016) Bayram, Göze; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe high level of daylight performance is crucial to increase academic and work performance of students and staff in educational buildings which are mostly used during the daytime. New design solutions have potential to reach optimum lighting conditions and minimum energy consumption. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and propose an energy efficient lighting design for an educational building. The aim is to find the optimum type of shading device with appropriate slat angles, transmittance of glazing, and the luminaire type/layout as well. Utilizing DIALux simulations, scenarios for combinations of these inputs are tested for classrooms, offices and a laboratory, which are non-identical due to their orientation, size, window characterization and facade organization. The procedure covers all significant days (winter/ summer solstice and equinoxes) during one year. Such an integrated approach would be proposed for lighting design and retrofit applications. © 2016, LLC Editorial of Journal “Light Technik”. All rights reserved.Article Citation - Scopus: 13An Investigation on Daylighting Performance in Educational Institutions(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2013) İnan, TuğbaPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate natural illumination properties of one of the classrooms in the School of Architecture at Izmir Institute of Technology, located in Turkey, which is the northern hemisphere. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the definitions of the basic terms in daylighting, such as daylight factor, illuminance, glazing ratio, are given first. Then, a luxmeter and a lighting simulation software, Velux, are used in order to calculate variable lighting factors during daytime, at different storeys, at different directions, for the classes. Velux is a proprietary software and it enables natural lighting analysis practically. Findings: Chosen classrooms are examined regarding their having sufficient natural illumination. The height of windows from the floor is changed, and the resultant effects on natural lighting in the classrooms are determined by using the lighting simulation program, Velux. The study shows that daylight factor and illumination near the window decreases as the height of the window above the floor increases. However, the illumination increases away from the window, giving greater uniformity to the lighting. At the same time, the usable depth of the classroom increases. The tall and narrow windows bring the daylight near themselves. Social implications: Practical window design decisions can help architects to provide effective and healthy natural lighting for interiors. Originality/value: Adjustment of the dimensions of the windows is important in order to balance the energy consumption of buildings. This study investigates natural lighting depending on both experimental measurements and simulation software, Velux.