Erol, Selçuk
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Erol, Selcuk
Erol, S.
Erol, S.
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selcukerol@iyte.edu.tr
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03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering
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Former Staff
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1NO POVERTY
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2ZERO HUNGER
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3GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
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4QUALITY EDUCATION
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5GENDER EQUALITY
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6CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
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7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
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8DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
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9INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
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10REDUCED INEQUALITIES
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11SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
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12RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
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13CLIMATE ACTION
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14LIFE BELOW WATER
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15LIFE ON LAND
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16PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
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17PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS
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25
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475
h-index
9
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10
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10
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1290/252
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WoS Citation Count
32
Scopus Citation Count
36
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WoS Citations per Publication
3.20
Scopus Citations per Publication
3.60
Open Access Source
6
Supervised Theses
0
| Journal | Count |
|---|---|
| Geothermics | 4 |
| Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences | 2 |
| Applied Thermal Engineering | 1 |
| Geothermal Energy | 1 |
| International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control | 1 |
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 17Experimental Study and Kinetic Modeling of High Temperature and Pressure Co2 Mineralization(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Berndsen, Maximilian; Erol, Selcuk; Akin, Taylan; Akin, Serhat; Nardini, Isabella; Immenhauser, Adrian; Nehler, MathiasThe potential for in-situ CO2 sequestration was analyzed experimentally for one basaltic hyaloclastite sample from the Nesjavellir geothermal reservoir in Iceland and three metasedimentary rock samples from the K & imath;z & imath;ldere geothermal field in Turkey. Based on batch reaction experiments, this paper demonstrates the interaction between a CO2 gas-charged fluid and rock samples from these reservoirs. The experiments were conducted at 260 degrees C and 0.8 MPa, and 105 degrees C and 17 MPa for the basaltic and metasedimentary rocks, respectively. The experimental results indicate that CO2 sequestration within the glassy basaltic rocks is hampered by zeolite, chlorite, and anhydrite, which compete with carbonate minerals to uptake divalent cations at the P-T conditions applied. In contrast, the carbonation process for the metasedimentary rocks is inhibited by their mineralogical composition. Generally, these rocks are less reactive and provide an insufficient supply of divalent cations. The batch reactor experiments were numerically simulated with the PHREEQC geochemical modeling program. The simulations indicate that CO2 sequestration is feasible at the tested P-T conditions, provided that silicate and SO4 mineralization is suppressed for the basaltic rocks and that there is an effective source of divalent cations for the metasedimentary rocks.Article Optimizing Inhibitor Injection in Geothermal Wells With Electrical Submersible Pump(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Aydin, H.; Tezel, S.I.; Erol, S.Electrical submersible pump (ESP) is a reliable artificial lift method to extend productive lifespan of geothermal wells. In the geothermal industry a common practice involves installing ESPs below the well's flashing depth. This placement approach aims to mitigate the risk of mineral precipitation, which can occur when hot geothermal fluids transition to a two-phase state (liquid and vapor) as pressure decreases. Positioning the pump below the flashing depth also prevents pump's underloading and gas cavitation. The inhibitor injection line usually integrated around the ESP string and installed downstream of the ESP motor. However, this standard practice introduces a challenge regarding inhibitor performance. While this placement ensures effective distribution of inhibitors throughout the production flow, the extended travel time from the surface to the point of application at the ESP can diminish inhibitor effectiveness due to continuous exposure to high temperatures throughout the wellbore. This study proposes relocating the inhibitor injection point within the production tubing closer to the flashing depth. This reduces inhibitor travel time from 108 min to 48 min and has the potential to significantly improve inhibitor effectiveness. Consequently, the implementation of capillary tubing is anticipated to yield annual cost savings per wellbore of approximately USD 10,000, coupled with the mitigation of mineral deposits within the studied well equipped with ESP. To evaluate this approach, a wellbore simulation tool and PHREEQC were employed to dynamically model the pressure and temperature profiles alongside the geochemical evolution of the produced fluids in the wellbore. This modeling approach offers significant value by potentially enabling the optimization of inhibitor usage and reducing the length of required inhibitor injection line. © 2024 Elsevier LtdArticle Development and Validation of Regression Model via Machine Learning to Estimate Thermal Conductivity and Heat Flow Using Igneous Rocks from the Dikili-Bergama Geothermal Region, Western Anatolia(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Ayzit, Tolga; Sahin, Onur Gungor; Erol, Selcuk; Baba, AlperThermal conductivity is a fundamental parameter that significantly influences the thermal regime of the lithosphere. It plays a crucial role in a variety of geological applications, including geothermal energy exploration, igneous system assessment, and tectonic modeling. In this study, a machine learning approach is used to predict the thermal conductivity of igneous rocks based on the composition of major oxides. A total of 488 samples from different regions of the world were analyzed. The thermal conductivity values ranged from 1.20 to 3.74 Wm(-1) K-1 and the mean value was 2.61 Wm(-1) K-1. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used, resulting in a high coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.913 for training and R-2 = 0.794 for testing) and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.112 and 0.179, respectively. Significance analysis of the traits identified SiO2 (>40 %), Na2O (>15 %) and Al2O3 (>10 %) as the most influential predictors. The study presented results from the Western Anatolia region, where felsic rocks had the highest thermal conductivity (mean = 2.69 Wm(-)(1)K(-)(1)) compared to mafic (mean = 2.34 Wm(-)(1)K(-)(1)) and ultramafic rocks (mean = 2.39 Wm(-)(1)K(-)(1)). In addition, the study evaluated the predictive capabilities of machine learning models for the igneous rocks of the Dikili-Bergama region and compared the results with those of saturated models. Using these data, we calculated heat flow values of up to 400 mWm(-2) under saturated conditions in western Anatolia. These results highlight the value of integrating geochemical data with machine learning to improve geothermal resource exploration and lithospheric modeling.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 8Numerical Modeling of the Co2 Injection in the Kızıldere Geothermal Field Using Multiple Inter-Well Tracer Tests(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sevindik,D.B.; Erol,S.; Akin,S.Many geothermal power plants in Turkey emit high amounts of non-condensable gas (NCG), consisting mainly of CO2. Thus, it is crucial to mitigate the NCG emissions by re-injecting the captured gas back into the reservoir. In this study, a numerical sector reservoir model is developed to inspect how the reinjected NCG dissipates in the reservoir for successful sequestration. To accurately characterize the flow characteristics in the reservoir, chloride concentrations observed at the production wells were matched. Furthermore, two multi-well slug tracer tests (one with NCG injection well and one from the northernmost shallow injection well by using different naphthalene-sulphonates) results have been used to calibrate the numerical model. Consequently, a high degree of quantitative and qualitative characterization of the reservoir section near the injection site has been achieved. Using the calibrated model, the impact of CO2-brine injection has been studied for different injection scenarios with varying injection rates and durations. The results of the CO2-charged brine injection showed that approximately 20 % of the injected CO2 circulates in the reservoir, ensuring reduced CO2 emissions. It has been estimated that 200 Mt of CO2 emission can be safely removed if all injection wells are used for NCG re-injection. © 2024Article Paleozoyik Yaşlı Metamorfik Kayaçlara CO2 Tutulumu Sırasında Mineral Tepkime Kinetiği(2025) Aydın, Hakkı; Erol, Selcuk; Akin, SerhatJeolojik formasyonlara karbondioksit (CO2) enjeksiyonu, CO2 emisyonlarını azaltmak için en güvenilir yöntemlerden biridir. Jeotermal rezervuarlar, geniş kırık-gözenek hacimleri sayesinde CO2 tutumu için güvenli ve kalıcı depolama fırsatları sunan mükemmel adaylardır. Hedef rezervuar kayacı ve örtü kayacın uzun dönem CO2 enjeksiyonu süresince kararlılığı ise kritik bir konudur. Bu çalışma, jeotermal rezervuar kayacı ile CO2 doygunluğundaki akışkan arasındaki reaksiyonlar sonucu oluşan jeokimyasal değişimleri incelemektedir. Nihai amaç, metamorfik bir jeotermal rezervuarda CO2 tutumunun jeokimyasal etkiler açısından etkinliğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’nin Batısında yer alan Kızıldere jeotermal rezervuarında 1900 m ve 3000 m derinliklerden alınan karot numuneleriyle kesikli (batch) deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ufaltılmış karot örnekleri, 95 °C sıcaklık ve 10 bar basınçta CO2 doygunluğundaki jeotermal akışkana 21 gün süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe²⁺, SiO2 ve Cl⁻ gibi temel element konsantrasyonlarındaki deneysel değişimler PHREEQC yazılımı kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Simülasyon çıktılarının deneysel gözlemlerle uyumlu olması için kinetik hızlar ve aktivasyon enerjisi ayar parametreleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Mg²⁺ ve Ca²⁺ konsantrasyonları artış eğilimi gösterirken; SiO2, Al³⁺ ve Fe²⁺ azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. Bu durum, CO2 doygun akışkan ile rezervuar kayacı arasındaki etkileşim sonucunda K-feldispat ve kaolinit minerallerinin çökelmesine yol açmış; biyotit, kuvars, magnezit ve siderit gibi diğer minerallerde ise hafif çözünme meydana gelmiştir. Mineral topluluğu genel olarak sabit kalmış, ancak minerallerin bollukları küçük değişiklikler göstermiştir. Çalışma, yüksek katyon konsantrasyonlarının metamorfik kayaçlar içerisinde CO2 tutumunu kolaylaştırabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, gerçekleştirilen kesikli deneylerinde çözelti fazında CO2 tutulumu mineral tutulumuna kıyasla daha baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir.Article Fluid-CO2 Injection in a Hypersaline Volcanic Systems: A Reactive Transport and Experimental Evaluation with Application to the Tuzla Geothermal Field, Turkiye(Springer, 2026) Tonkul, Serhat; Erol, Selcuk; Baba, Alper; Regenspurg, SimonaThis study evaluates the CO2 sequestration capability of the Tuzla Geothermal Field (TGF) in northwest T & uuml;rkiye under reservoir conditions (200 degrees C and 4.4 MPa). While ongoing studies at TGF have investigated CO2 co-injection primarily for geothermal heat extraction, the present study focuses on the associated potential for long-term CO2 storage. To this end, CO2-brine-rock interactions were examined through batch reactor experiments and reaction path modeling using the PhreeqC geochemical tool. The experiments revealed complex dissolution/precipitation reactions that altered reservoir properties, with mineralogical analyses (XRD, XRF, SEM, and EDS) showing the formation of secondary phases such as calcite, kaolinite, and Ca-rich aluminosilicates. These results indicate that the Tuzla reservoir rocks provide sufficient divalent cations to support mineral trapping under reservoir conditions. Overall, our findings highlight that, in addition to its promise for heat extraction, CO2 co-injection at TGF offers an opportunity for permanent geological storage, thereby strengthening the dual benefits of this approach.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification in Temperature Simulation of Borehole Heat Exchanger Fields for Geothermal Energy Supply(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Mohammadi, Hesam Soltan; Ringel, Lisa Maria; Bott, Christoph; Erol, Selcuk; Bayer, PeterAccurate temperature prediction is crucial for optimizing the performance of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) fields. This study introduces an efficient Bayesian approach for improving the forecast of temperature changes in the ground caused by the operation of BHEs. The framework addresses the complexities of multi-layer subsurface structures and groundwater flow. By utilizing an affine invariant ensemble sampler, the framework estimates the distribution of key parameters, including heat extraction rate, thermal conductivity, and Darcy velocity. Validation of the proposed methodology is conducted through a synthetic case involving four active and one inactive BHE over five years, using monthly temperature changes around BHEs from a detailed numerical model as a reference. The moving finite line source model with anisotropy is employed as the forward model for efficient temperature approximations. Applying the proposed methodology at a monthly resolution for less than three years reduces uncertainty in long-term predictions by over 90%. Additionally, it enhances the applicability of the employed analytical forward model in real field conditions. Thus, this advancement offers a robust tool for stochastic prediction of thermal behavior and decision-making in BHE systems, particularly in scenarios with complex subsurface conditions and limited prior knowledge.Article Stochastic 1-D Reactive Transport Simulations To Assess Silica and Carbonate Phases During the $co_2$ Reinjection Process in Metasediments(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2024) Erol, SelçukOne proposed method to mitigate carbon emission is to mineralize the $CO_2$ in deep geothermal reservoirs while mixing the coproduced CO2 with the effluent fluid for reinjection. The injection fluid temperature fluctuates due to the mixing process between CO2-charged water and the effluent fluid, and compressor interruptions change the thermodynamic conditions that influence the fluid- rock interaction in the reservoir. Mineral dissolution or precipitations are associated with changes in permeability and porosity that affect the flow and, eventually, the lifespan of the reservoir. A combined stochastic–reactive transport simulation approach is useful for inspection purposes. Moreover, the stochastic algorithm validates the deterministic reactive transport simulation and demonstrates the time evolution of a chemically reacting system in the reservoir. This study examines a range of injection temperatures between 80 °C and 120 °C to evaluate silica and calcite precipitation along a flow path. One-dimensional (1-D) reactive transport and compartment- based stochastic reaction-diffusion-advection Gillespie algorithms are carried out. The 1-D model represents a reservoir feed zone of around 2300 m. Two common metasediment rock types are evaluated for inspection. The first one is the muscovite schist, which has approximately 60% quartz, and the second is the quartz schist, consisting of roughly 90% quartz. The stochastic method can be applied more effectively if the chemical system is completely defined with proper reaction rates as a function of temperature. The mixing ratio of the coproduced $CO_2$ over the effluent fluid is around 0.0028. Simulation results show that $CO_2$ is partially sequestrated as calcite within the first 10 m of the entrance to the reservoir and plugs the pores completely in the muscovite schist scenario. Chalcedony and α-cristobalite precipitate as secondary minerals evenly along the flow path. $CO_2$ injection into a quartz schist layer is more appropriate for geochemical interactions below 120 °C.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Petrogenesis and Comprehensive Thermal Assessment of the Dikili-Bergama Region, Western Anatolia(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Ayzit, Tolga; Erol, Selcuk; Baba, AlperVarious methods are available to evaluate the thermal properties and energy potential of geothermal fields. The heat flow method is crucial for thermal modeling and understanding geological evolution. It helps to assess the impact of geological formations on various processes, including hydrocarbon generation and structural modeling. This study focuses on the Dikili-Bergama geothermal region and presents heat flow trends based on thermal modeling. The analysis of volcanic rock petrogenesis data and a thermal model are presented based on data from deep and shallow boreholes. The geothermal gradient is found to vary between 66.28 degrees C km-1 and 121.68 degrees C km-1, according to the interpolated data. Additionally, the study investigates the geochemical and lithological properties of magmatic rocks in the Dikili-Bergama region. The Kozak pluton group's has been measured to have radioactive heat production of up to 7.4 mu Wm-3. Thermal conductivity properties and correlations, along with heat flow assessment, contribute to the understanding of geothermal potential. The mean dry thermal conductivity of the rocks in the study area is 2.33 Wm-1K-1. The data for the terrestrial heat flow and the radioactive heat flow values are up to 200 mWm-2. The integration of 3D geological models and thermal models has highlighted the south western area of the study as a promising location for unconventional geothermal operations.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Update for Reactive Transport Modeling of the Kızıldere Geothermal Field To Reduce Uncertainties in the Early Inspections(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2023) Erol, Selçuk; Akın, Taylan; Akın, SerhatThe development of carbon capture and storage techniques has become essential to reduce and mitigating CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. CarbFix1 and CarbFix2 projects carried out in Iceland demonstrated that the emissions of waste CO2 gas from geothermal power plants can be captured and mixed with the effluent geofluid and subsequently injected back into the geothermal reservoir. This experience gained in the CarbFix projects expanded into other geothermal fields around Europe, and one of the demonstration sites is the geothermal field in Turkey, Kızıldere. This paper focuses on the results of an updated study on early field evaluations with reactive transport simulations. In the new three-dimensional numerical model, the geological formations and fault zones were updated according to the well-logs data. Based on the tracer tests performed in the field, the anisotropic permeabilities between the wells were evaluated and imposed into the model. Geofluid chemistry, mineral components, and the volume fractions used as input in the simulations are modified depending on the performed laboratory experiments on the metamorphic schists taken from the geothermal site (i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning-electron microscope (SEM), and batch reactor tests). Different thermodynamic databases such as Lawrance Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Thermoddem databases were tested using PHREEQC and TOUGHREACT programs for consistency with experiments. The thermodynamic conditions and the geofluid-rock-CO2 interactions prevent the mineralization of CO2 in the reservoir. This outcome differs from CarbFix projects in terms of the carbonization process, but the CO2 injection is still reliable with solubility-trapping in a geothermal reservoir to partially mitigate the emission. Roughly, 200 kt of CO2 in 10 years can be safely injected into the geothermal reservoir. According to the new analysis, the ratio of magnesium, sodium, and potassium varies in solid solution series of feldspars and clay minerals as albite end-member and montmorillonite/illite end-members, respectively. The evaluations of solid solution reactions are relatively limited in the law of mass action approach used by PHREEQC and TOUGHREACT. © TÜBİTAK.