The Use of Crispr Cas9 Technology To Reduce Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Enzyme Activity in Eggplant
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Abstract
Patlıcan (Solanum melongena), Solanaceae ailesinin önemli bir üyesidir ve ekonomik potansiyeli ve zengin besin değeriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Patlıcan, dünyada en fazla üretimi yapılan sebzelerden biridir. Ayrıca, patlıcanın benzersiz genetik yapısı ve zorlu çevre koşullarına uyum sağlayabilme potansiyeli, ürün dayanıklılığı, verim ve besin içeriğini yükseltmeyi amaçlayan çalışmalar için önemli bir hedef haline getirmektedir. Genom düzenleme teknolojilerindeki son gelişmeler, özellikle CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisi, patlıcanda spesifik genlerin düzenlemesi için umut vadetmektedir. Patlıcanın hasat edildikten sonra işlenmesinde önemli bir sorun olan enzimatik kararma, fenolik bileşiklerin oksidasyon reaksiyonundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Polifenol oksidazlar, kısaca PPO'lar bu reaksiyonu katalize etmektedir. Patlıcanda enzimatik esmerleşme yalnızca görünümde olumsuz etkilere neden olmamakla birlikte, raf ömrünü ve tüketici talebini de negatif şekilde etkilemektedir. Çalışmada, bir Türk patlıcan çeşidi olan Aydın Siyahı çeşidinin enzimatik esmerleşme sorununa hızlı ve kalıcı bir çözüm sağlamak amacıyla CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisi kullanılmıştır. PPO genlerinde mutasyonlar oluşturularak, ilgili genlerin ifadesinde azalma ve esmerleşmenin azalması hedeflenmektedir. Geleneksel yöntemlerle esmerleşme probleminin çözümü zaman alıcı olacaktır ve ayrıca tüketicilerin tercih ettiği özelliklerin kaybolmasına neden olabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile Türk tipi patlıcanda birden fazla PPO genini hedefleyebilen CRISPR/Cas9 protokolü başarıyla optimize edilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Bir Türk patlıcan çeşidi olan Kemer tipi Aydın Siyahı için, maksimum üç rehber RNA içerecek şekilde hazırlanan vektörler ve doku kültürü rejenerasyon protokolleri bu çalışmanın önemli başarılarıdır.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is an important member of the Solanaceae family and stands out with its economic and nutritional value. Eggplant is the one of the vegetables which has higher production in the world. Moreover, eggplant's unique genetic makeup and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions makes it a valuable target for studies which are aimed enhancing crop resilience, improving yields, and boosting nutritional content. The recent progress in genome-editing technologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9, have opened new opportunities for site-specific gene editing in eggplant. Enzymatic browning, a crucial problem in post-harvest processing of eggplant, caused by the oxidation reaction of the phenolic compounds. polyphenol oxidases, shortly PPOs catalyzes the reaction. Enzymatic browning of the eggplant does not cause only negative effects in the appearance but also reduces the shelf life and consumer demand of eggplant products. In the study, to provide a quick and permanent solution for enzymatic browning problem of the Turkish eggplant cultivar Aydın Siyahı, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology was used. By introducing mutations into eggplant, specifically PPO genes, reduction in the expression of relevant genes could result in decreased browning. Introducing the non- browning trait into Turkish-type eggplants with the traditional methods time consuming and might result in loss of the traits favored by consumers. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 protocol to target multiple PPO genes in Turkish- type eggplant successfully optimized and applied. For multiple gene targeting, constructs prepared as containing up to three sgRNAs and tissue culture regeneration protocols for Turkish Type eggplant cultivar are the significant successes of this study.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is an important member of the Solanaceae family and stands out with its economic and nutritional value. Eggplant is the one of the vegetables which has higher production in the world. Moreover, eggplant's unique genetic makeup and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions makes it a valuable target for studies which are aimed enhancing crop resilience, improving yields, and boosting nutritional content. The recent progress in genome-editing technologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9, have opened new opportunities for site-specific gene editing in eggplant. Enzymatic browning, a crucial problem in post-harvest processing of eggplant, caused by the oxidation reaction of the phenolic compounds. polyphenol oxidases, shortly PPOs catalyzes the reaction. Enzymatic browning of the eggplant does not cause only negative effects in the appearance but also reduces the shelf life and consumer demand of eggplant products. In the study, to provide a quick and permanent solution for enzymatic browning problem of the Turkish eggplant cultivar Aydın Siyahı, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology was used. By introducing mutations into eggplant, specifically PPO genes, reduction in the expression of relevant genes could result in decreased browning. Introducing the non- browning trait into Turkish-type eggplants with the traditional methods time consuming and might result in loss of the traits favored by consumers. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 protocol to target multiple PPO genes in Turkish- type eggplant successfully optimized and applied. For multiple gene targeting, constructs prepared as containing up to three sgRNAs and tissue culture regeneration protocols for Turkish Type eggplant cultivar are the significant successes of this study.
Description
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 55-67)
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Molekular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, 2024
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Molekular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, 2024
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Keywords
Polyphenol oxidase, Eggplant, Genetics, Plant genomes, Genetics
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79

