The Johnson and Cook Damage and Flow Stress Model Parameters of a Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Alloy

Abstract

Previous studies on stainless steel 304 alloy (SS 304) have mostly focused on the stress-strain behavior as function of the volume fraction of deformation induced martensite and the applied strain and strain rate. Although equally important, the failure/fracture of this alloy has not been thoroughly investigated so far. In the present study, the Johnson and Cook (JC) damage model parameters of a rolled-SS 304 alloy, valid at a high strain rate (2900 s-1), were experimentally determined and numerically validated along with the JC flow stress parameters. The tensile failure strain of the alloy decreased as the strain rate increased from 10-3 to 10-1 s-1 and to 2900 s-1. Experimentally lower flow stresses at 2900 s-1 than at 1x10-3 s-1 were also found at the strains above 0.2, which was attributed to the adiabatic heating that declined the extend of the martensitic transformation at increasing strains. The determined damage and flow stress model parameters were further calibrated with the results of the numerical models of the quasi-static and high strain rate tension tests. Microscopic analyses and the hardness measurements on the untested and tested specimens confirmed the martensitic transformation and the highest hardness values were found in the specimens tested at 1x10-3 s-1. The martensite volume fraction as function strain rate until about necking strain (homogeneous deformation) was calculated and also microscopically determined using the electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) for the specimens tested at different strain rates. The results indicated the highest martensite volume fraction in the specimens tested at 10-3 s-1 (0.55-0.6) and the lowest in the specimens tested at the high strain rate (0.27-0.30). An agreement between the calculated and the EBSD determined martensite volume fractions was shown for the studied alloy.