Konut Uygulamaları için Termal Enerji Depolamalı Pvt Entegre Isı Pompası Sisteminin Teknoekonomik Değerlendirmesi
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Date
2025
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İklim değişikliği ve karbonsuzlaşma hedefleri, konut ısıtmasında düşük karbonlu çözümleri öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma, İzmir koşullarında fotovoltaik-termal (PVT) kolektör, hava kaynaklı ısı pompası (ASHP) ve faz değiştiren malzemeye (PCM) dayalı ısıl depolamayı birleştiren hibrit bir sistemi MATLAB tabanlı model ve enerji yönetim algoritmasıyla tekno ekonomik olarak inceler. Üç senaryo karşılaştırılmıştır: (1) yalnız ASHP, (2) PVT+ASHP, (3) PVT+TES+ASHP. Yalnız ASHP tamamen şebekeye bağımlı, IRR negatif ve LCOH doğal gazın >2 katıdır. PVT entegrasyonu şebeke elektriğini azaltır; ancak ısı yüküne katkısı 25 modülde bile <%20 olup ekonomik açıdan olumsuz kalır. PVT+PCM ile performans belirgin artar; 200 kWh PCM ve 4 PVT'de ısı yükü bütünüyle PVT+TES ile karşılanır; LCOH ≈ 0.091 $/kWh, IRR ≈ %1.2, geri ödeme ≈ 21.5 yıl; toplam LCOE 0.114 $/kWh ile yalnız ASHP'den (0.123) düşüktür. Duyarlılık analizi, sonuçların PVT/PCM maliyetlerine ve elektrik fiyatına en hassas olduğunu; düşük alım tarifesinin fazla PV elektriğinin değerini sınırladığını gösterir. Bu bulgular, Akdeniz iklimlerinde PVT ve PCM entegrasyonunun ASHP sistemlerinin teknik performansını ve kendi kendine yeterliliğini artırmasına rağmen, sistemlerin mevcut Türkiye pazar koşullarında ekonomik olarak cazip olmadığını göstermektedir. Ana sonuç, bu tür hibrit konfigürasyonların ekonomik olarak uygun hale gelebilmesi için sistem maliyet azaltımları, politika teşvikleri veya optimize edilmiş sistem tasarımı gerektirdiği ve bu koşullar sağlandığında uzun vadeli sürdürülebilir ısıtma stratejilerine gerçekçi bir katkı sunabileceğidir.
Climate change and decarbonization targets foreground low-carbon residential heating solutions. This study conducts a techno-economic assessment, under Izmir's climate, of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors, an air-source heat pump (ASHP), and phase-change-material-based thermal energy storage (PCM-TES), using a MATLAB-based model and an energy-management algorithm. Three scenarios are compared: (1) ASHP-only, (2) PVT+ASHP, and (3) PVT+TES+ASHP. The ASHP-only case is fully grid-dependent, yields a negative IRR, and an LCOH more than twice that of natural gas. Adding PVT reduces grid electricity consumption; however, its contribution to the heat load remains <20% even with 25 modules, and the overall economics remain unfavourable. With PVT+PCM, performance improves markedly: with 200 kWh of PCM and four PVT modules, the entire heat load can be met by PVT+TES; LCOH ≈ $0.091/kWh, IRR ≈ 1.2%, payback ≈ 21.5 years; and the total LCOE is 0.114 $/kWh, lower than ASHP-only (0.123 $/kWh). Sensitivity analysis indicates that outcomes are most sensitive to the PVT capital cost, PCM specific cost, and the retail electricity price, while a low feed-in tariff limits the value of surplus PV electricity. Overall, although PVT and PCM integration enhances the technical performance and self-sufficiency of ASHP systems in Mediterranean climates, such systems are not economically attractive under current Turkish market conditions. The main conclusion is that these renewable hybrid configurations only become economically viable with reductions in system costs, supportive policy incentives or optimised system design. Under such conditions, they can realistically contribute to sustainable heating strategies.
Climate change and decarbonization targets foreground low-carbon residential heating solutions. This study conducts a techno-economic assessment, under Izmir's climate, of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors, an air-source heat pump (ASHP), and phase-change-material-based thermal energy storage (PCM-TES), using a MATLAB-based model and an energy-management algorithm. Three scenarios are compared: (1) ASHP-only, (2) PVT+ASHP, and (3) PVT+TES+ASHP. The ASHP-only case is fully grid-dependent, yields a negative IRR, and an LCOH more than twice that of natural gas. Adding PVT reduces grid electricity consumption; however, its contribution to the heat load remains <20% even with 25 modules, and the overall economics remain unfavourable. With PVT+PCM, performance improves markedly: with 200 kWh of PCM and four PVT modules, the entire heat load can be met by PVT+TES; LCOH ≈ $0.091/kWh, IRR ≈ 1.2%, payback ≈ 21.5 years; and the total LCOE is 0.114 $/kWh, lower than ASHP-only (0.123 $/kWh). Sensitivity analysis indicates that outcomes are most sensitive to the PVT capital cost, PCM specific cost, and the retail electricity price, while a low feed-in tariff limits the value of surplus PV electricity. Overall, although PVT and PCM integration enhances the technical performance and self-sufficiency of ASHP systems in Mediterranean climates, such systems are not economically attractive under current Turkish market conditions. The main conclusion is that these renewable hybrid configurations only become economically viable with reductions in system costs, supportive policy incentives or optimised system design. Under such conditions, they can realistically contribute to sustainable heating strategies.
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Enerji, Güneş Enerjisi, Termal Enerji, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Energy, Solar Energy, Thermal Energy, Renewable Energy
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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88
