Development and Characterization of Surface-Modified Emulsion Templated Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Abstract
Emülsiyon şablonlama, yüksek ve açık gözeneklilik sağlayan avantajlı bir iskele üretim yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde hidrofobik polimerlerin su ile karıştırılmasıyla yağ içerisinde su (w/o) emülsiyonları elde edilir. İç faz hacmi %74'ün üzerinde olan polimerize emülsiyonlar, yüksek iç fazlı emülsiyonlar (PolyHIPE'ler) olarak adlandırılır. Polikaprolakton, doku mühendisliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan sentetik, biyolojik olarak bozunabilen ve biyouyumlu bir polimerdir, ancak malzemenin hidrofobik karakteri hücre-materyal etkileşimlerini sınırlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma kapsamında, emülsiyon şablonlama yöntemi ile üretilmiş, polikaprolakton tetrametakrilat (4PCLMA) esaslı iskelelerin biyolojik performanslarını artırmak için iskelelerin alkali muamelesi ve elde edilen iskelelerin karakterize edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak halka açma polimerizasyonu ile 4PCLMA pre-polimeri sentezlenmiş ve metakrilat grupları ile fonksiyon kazandırılmıştır. 4PCLMA ~%97 metakrilasyon derecesi ile başarıyla sentezlenmiş, 4PCLMA esaslı PolyHIPE'ler emülsiyon şablonlama yöntemi ile üretilmiş, üç farklı konsantrasyonda ve inkübasyon süresinde sodyum hidroksit (NaOH) ile muamele edilmiştir. NaOH işleminin iskelelerin morfolojileri, kütle kaybı, su tutma kapasitesi, mekanik özellikleri, yüzey alanı, hidrofilisitesi ve biyolojik performansı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. NaOH uygulamasının iskelelerin ağırlığını ve mekanik mukavemetini azalttığı ancak aynı zamanda iskelelerin su tutma kapasitesini, hidrofilisitesini, yüzey alanını ve protein adsorpsiyon kapasitesini artırdığı görülmüştür. NaOH işleminden sonra PolyHIPE'lerdeki kimyasal değişiklikler spektroskopi ile doğrulanmıştır. In vitro sonuçlar, NaOH uygulamasının L929 hücreleri üzerinde sitotoksisiteye neden olmadığını ve Saos-2 hücrelerinin tutunma ve çoğalma davranışını olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda NaOH muamelesinin, emülsiyon şablonlama ile üretilmiş doku iskelelerinin hidrofilisitesini ve biyolojik performansını artırmak adına alternatif bir yüzey modifikasyon yöntemi olarak kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.
Emulsion templating is an advantageous scaffold fabrication method that provides high and open porosity. In this method, water-in-oil emulsions are obtained by mixing hydrophobic polymers and water. Polymerized emulsions with an internal phase greater than 74% are named high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs). Polycaprolactone is a synthetic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer widely used in tissue engineering, but its hydrophobicity limits cell-material interactions. Accordingly, this study aims to develop and characterize the NaOH-treated emulsion templated polycaprolactone tetramethacrylate (4PCLMA)-based scaffolds to improve its biological performance. Firstly, 4PCLMA pre-polymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and functionalized with methacrylate groups. 4PCLMA was successfully synthesized with ~97% degree of methacrylation. 4PCLMA PolyHIPEs were fabricated by emulsion templating and post-treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at three different concentrations and incubation times. The effects of NaOH treatment on mass loss, water absorption capacity, mechanical characteristics, surface area, hydrophilicity and biological performance of the scaffolds were investigated. The morphologies of the scaffolds were investigated using SEM. NaOH treatment reduced the weight and mechanical strength of the scaffolds, but it also increased the water absorption capacity, hydrophilicity, surface area and protein adsorption of the scaffolds. Chemical changes in PolyHIPEs after NaOH treatment were confirmed via spectroscopy. In vitro results showed that NaOH treatment did not cause cytotoxicity on L929 cells and positively affected the cell attachment and proliferation behaviour of Saos-2 cells. As a result of this study, NaOH treatment was investigated as an alternative surface modification technique to improve the hydrophilicity and biological performance of emulsion-templated scaffolds.
Emulsion templating is an advantageous scaffold fabrication method that provides high and open porosity. In this method, water-in-oil emulsions are obtained by mixing hydrophobic polymers and water. Polymerized emulsions with an internal phase greater than 74% are named high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs). Polycaprolactone is a synthetic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer widely used in tissue engineering, but its hydrophobicity limits cell-material interactions. Accordingly, this study aims to develop and characterize the NaOH-treated emulsion templated polycaprolactone tetramethacrylate (4PCLMA)-based scaffolds to improve its biological performance. Firstly, 4PCLMA pre-polymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and functionalized with methacrylate groups. 4PCLMA was successfully synthesized with ~97% degree of methacrylation. 4PCLMA PolyHIPEs were fabricated by emulsion templating and post-treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at three different concentrations and incubation times. The effects of NaOH treatment on mass loss, water absorption capacity, mechanical characteristics, surface area, hydrophilicity and biological performance of the scaffolds were investigated. The morphologies of the scaffolds were investigated using SEM. NaOH treatment reduced the weight and mechanical strength of the scaffolds, but it also increased the water absorption capacity, hydrophilicity, surface area and protein adsorption of the scaffolds. Chemical changes in PolyHIPEs after NaOH treatment were confirmed via spectroscopy. In vitro results showed that NaOH treatment did not cause cytotoxicity on L929 cells and positively affected the cell attachment and proliferation behaviour of Saos-2 cells. As a result of this study, NaOH treatment was investigated as an alternative surface modification technique to improve the hydrophilicity and biological performance of emulsion-templated scaffolds.
Description
Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Bioengineering, Izmir, 2024
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 85-111)
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 85-111)
Keywords
Tissue scaffolds, Biomedical materials, Polymers, Tissue engineering, Emulsion polymerization, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Polymer Science and Technology, Biomaterials
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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128

