Fenalenon Bazlı Organik Boyaların Kuantum Kimyasal İncelenmesi
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Abstract
Fenalenon, keton kısmıyla kaynaşmış üç fenil halkasından oluşan bir bileşiktir ve yüksek singlet oksijen kuantum verimi nedeniyle yaygın bir şekilde fotosensitizör olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kuantum kimyasal hesaplamalar kullanılarak fotofiziksel ve sensörle ilgili özelliklerini keşfetmek için 3-, 4-, 5- ve 6-pozisyonlarına elektron verici sübstitüentler eklenerek yeni fenalenon türevleri tasarlandı. Yöntem doğrulamasından sonra, konformasyon analizi ile en kararlı yapılar belirlendi, ardından temel hal optimizasyonları DFT/ B3LYP/def2-SVP seviyesinde hesaplama ile yapıldı. TD-DFT hesaplamaları ile (D4 dispersiyon düzeltmesi ile B3LYP/def2-SVP teori seviyesinde ve su içinde) doğal geçiş orbital analizleri yoluyla uyarılma enerjileri, absorpsiyon/emisyon dalga boyları, baskın geçişler ve yük transfer özellikleri elde edildi. Sonuçlar, 3- ve 5- pozisyonundaki türevlerin genellikle büyük konformasyonel değişiklikler, yük transferi karakteri ve Foto-indüklenmiş elektron transferi/bükülmüş molekül içi yük transferi davranışı sergilediğini ve bunun da sönümlenmiş veya düşük floresansa yol açtığını göstermektedir. Tersine, 4 ve 6 konumunda olan türevler daha kararlı geometrilere ve baskın H→L geçişlerine sahiptirler, sınırlı yük transferi ile daha güçlü emisyona neden olmaktadırlar. Özellikle, 3'te ve 5'te yer alan türevlerdeki daha büyük Stokes kaymaları, çevreye karşı duyarlılıklarını vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bazı bükülmüş molekül içi yük transferi içeren bazı yapılarda yakın-IR bölgesinde emisyon gözlendi. Genel olarak, 4 ve 6 ikameli fenalenon türevleri kararlı floresan sensörler olarak daha büyük potansiyel gösterirken, 3 ve 5 ikameli olanların çevresel değişikliklere daha duyarlı olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışma fenalenon bazlı moleküler sensörlerin tasarımı için ön çalışma olarak deneysel çalışmalara rehberlik edecektir.
Phenalenone is a compound that consists of three fused phenyl rings with a ketone moiety and is widely utilized as a photosensitizer due to its high singlet oxygen quantum yield. In this study, new phenalenone derivatives are designed by introducing electron-donating substituents at the 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-positions to explore their photophysical and sensor-related properties using quantum chemical calculations. After method validation, conformational analysis identified the most stable structures, followed by ground and excited-state optimizations. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/def2-SVP level of theory with D4 dispersion correction in water) provided excitation energies, absorption/emission wavelengths, dominant transitions, and charge transfer characteristics through natural transition orbital analyses. Results show that 3- and 5-substituted derivatives often exhibit large conformational changes, charge transfer character, and photoinduced electron transfer/twisted intramolecular charge transfer behavior, leading to quenched or reduced fluorescence. Conversely, 4- and 6-substituted derivatives display more stable geometries and dominant H→L transitions, with limited charge transfer, resulting in stronger emission. Notably, larger Stokes shifts in 3- and 5-substituted derivatives highlight their sensitivity towards the environment. Also, emission in the near-IR region is observed in some structures that involve twisted intramolecular charge transfer. The outcome of this thesis indicates that phenalenone derivatives with substitutions at the 4- and 6- positions have significant potential as stable fluorescent sensors, whereas those with substitutions at the 3- and 5- positions exhibit greater sensitivity to changes in their environment. This implies that this study will lead experimental research as preliminary work towards developing phenalenone-based molecular sensors.
Phenalenone is a compound that consists of three fused phenyl rings with a ketone moiety and is widely utilized as a photosensitizer due to its high singlet oxygen quantum yield. In this study, new phenalenone derivatives are designed by introducing electron-donating substituents at the 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-positions to explore their photophysical and sensor-related properties using quantum chemical calculations. After method validation, conformational analysis identified the most stable structures, followed by ground and excited-state optimizations. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/def2-SVP level of theory with D4 dispersion correction in water) provided excitation energies, absorption/emission wavelengths, dominant transitions, and charge transfer characteristics through natural transition orbital analyses. Results show that 3- and 5-substituted derivatives often exhibit large conformational changes, charge transfer character, and photoinduced electron transfer/twisted intramolecular charge transfer behavior, leading to quenched or reduced fluorescence. Conversely, 4- and 6-substituted derivatives display more stable geometries and dominant H→L transitions, with limited charge transfer, resulting in stronger emission. Notably, larger Stokes shifts in 3- and 5-substituted derivatives highlight their sensitivity towards the environment. Also, emission in the near-IR region is observed in some structures that involve twisted intramolecular charge transfer. The outcome of this thesis indicates that phenalenone derivatives with substitutions at the 4- and 6- positions have significant potential as stable fluorescent sensors, whereas those with substitutions at the 3- and 5- positions exhibit greater sensitivity to changes in their environment. This implies that this study will lead experimental research as preliminary work towards developing phenalenone-based molecular sensors.
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Kimya, Fizikokimya, Fizikokimyasal Özellikler, Kuantum Kimyası, Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Physicochemical Properties, Quantum Chemistry
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108
