Lazer ve İğneli Mikro-perforasyon Ön İşlemlerinin Kavacık Üzümünün Kurutma Süresine ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
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Date
2025
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Tez kapsamında, coğrafi işaretli ve iri taneli bir çeşit olan Kavacık üzümlerine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Alphonse Lavallée), lazer ve iğne mikro-perforasyon ön işlemleri kullanılarak kurutma yoluyla değer katılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, kurutma performansı ve biyoaktif bileşikler ile kalite özellikleri üzerindeki etkiler incelenmiştir. Kabin kurutucu (statik yöntem) ve hızlı kurutma için bir Airfryer (konvektif yöntem) kullanılmıştır. Üzümlere alkali bandırma, iğne ve lazer mikro-perforasyon ön işlemlerine uygulanmış ve 60, 70 ve 80°C'de kurutulmuştur. Kurutma davranışı, rehidrasyon oranı, fiziksel özellikler, toplam biyoaktif içerik, hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) seviyeleri ve enerji tüketimi analiz edilmiştir. İğne veya lazer mikro-perforasyon ile uygulanan üzümler ile alkali çözeltiye bandırılan üzümler arasında fiziksel özelliklerde veya toplam fenolik, antioksidan ve antosiyanin içeriklerinde anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (P > 0,05). Kurutma davranışı ve enerji sonuçları, iğne mikro-perforasyon işleminin alkali bandırma kadar etkili olduğunu, lazer işleminin ise optimizasyon gerektirdiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, tüm ön işlemler dondurarak kurutmadan önce uygulanmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. İğne mikro-perforasyon ve alkali bandırma, antioksidan kapasitesini önemli ölçüde etkilememiş, ancak lazer mikro-perforasyon işlemi toplam fenolik ve antosiyanin içeriğini daha iyi korumuştur. Sonuç olarak, iğne ve lazer mikro-perforasyon ön işlemleri, Kavacık üzümü gibi iri taneli meyvelerin kurutulmasında kimyasal alkali çözelti bandırmaya göre etkili fiziksel alternatifler olup, benzer kalite ve kimyasal içermeyen işleme potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Kavacık üzümü, Kurutma, Ön işlem, Mikro-perforasyon
This thesis aimed to add value to Kavacık grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Alphonse Lavallée), a geographically indicated, large-berried variety, through drying processes using laser and needle micro-perforation pretreatments. The study investigated drying performance and the effects on bioactive compounds and quality attributes. A cabinet dryer (static method) and an Airfryer (convective method) were used for rapid drying. Grapes were subjected to alkaline dipping, needle, and laser micro-perforation pretreatments and dried at 60, 70, and 80 °C. Drying behavior, rehydration ratio, physical properties, total bioactive content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels, and energy consumption were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in physical properties or in total phenolic, antioxidant, and anthocyanin contents between grapes treated with needle or laser micro-perforation and those treated with alkaline solution (P > 0.05). Drying behavior and energy results indicated that needle micro-perforation was as effective as alkaline dipping, while laser treatment required optimization. Additionally, all pretreatments were applied before freeze-drying and compared. Needle micro-perforation and alkaline dipping did not significantly affect antioxidant capacity, but laser micro-perforation better preserved total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. In conclusion, needle and laser micro-perforation pretreatments are promising physical alternatives to chemical alkaline solution dipping for drying large-berried fruits such as Kavacık grapes, offering comparable quality and potential for chemical-free processing. Keywords: Kavacık grape, Drying, Pretreatment, Micro-perforation
This thesis aimed to add value to Kavacık grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Alphonse Lavallée), a geographically indicated, large-berried variety, through drying processes using laser and needle micro-perforation pretreatments. The study investigated drying performance and the effects on bioactive compounds and quality attributes. A cabinet dryer (static method) and an Airfryer (convective method) were used for rapid drying. Grapes were subjected to alkaline dipping, needle, and laser micro-perforation pretreatments and dried at 60, 70, and 80 °C. Drying behavior, rehydration ratio, physical properties, total bioactive content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels, and energy consumption were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in physical properties or in total phenolic, antioxidant, and anthocyanin contents between grapes treated with needle or laser micro-perforation and those treated with alkaline solution (P > 0.05). Drying behavior and energy results indicated that needle micro-perforation was as effective as alkaline dipping, while laser treatment required optimization. Additionally, all pretreatments were applied before freeze-drying and compared. Needle micro-perforation and alkaline dipping did not significantly affect antioxidant capacity, but laser micro-perforation better preserved total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. In conclusion, needle and laser micro-perforation pretreatments are promising physical alternatives to chemical alkaline solution dipping for drying large-berried fruits such as Kavacık grapes, offering comparable quality and potential for chemical-free processing. Keywords: Kavacık grape, Drying, Pretreatment, Micro-perforation
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Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
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checked on Apr 27, 2026
