Hazard Assesment and Reduction of Nanomaterials
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Abstract
Demir oksit NP`ler çeşitli alanlardaki, özellikle tanı ve tedavi uygulamaları, kullanımları sayesinde biyomedikal araştırmalarda popüler hale gelmiştir. Ancak, yüzey kaplamasız demir oksit NP`ler toksik etkiler gösterebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu NP`lerin biyouyumluluklarını optimize ederken işlevselliklerini koruma konusu büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, işlevselleştirilmiş demir oksit NP`lerin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve hem in vitro hem de in vivo toksisite değerlendirmeleri yapılarak, tıbbi alandaki güvenli kullanımlarını desteklemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çıplak, dekstran-kaplı, askorbik asit-kaplı ve oleik asit-kaplı olmak üzere dört tip demir oksit NP üretilmiş ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopi (SEM), Geçirimli Elektron Mikroskopi (TEM), X ışını difraksiyonu (XRD) ve Fourier-dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) gibi yöntemler kullanılarak kimyasal ve yapısal bütünlükleri doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, IONP'lerin yüzeyini değiştirmek için kullanılan kaplama malzemelerinin hücreler ve partiküller arasındaki etkileşimleri önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermiştir. 2 boyutlu (2B) hücre kültürleri, farklılaşmış monolayerler ve sferoidlerde farklı hücreler (HepG2, CaCo-2 ve HEK293) kullanılarak yapılan sitotoksisite çalışmalarına (WST-1, resazurin ve Annexin V) göre dekstran- ve askorbik asit-kaplı IONP`lerin biyoaktivitesi yüzey kaplamasız NP`lere kıyasla önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, biyomedikal uygulamalar için daha güvenli ve etkili NP`ler geliştirilmesinde yüzey işlevselleştirmenin kritik bir öneme sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu tez, IONParaştırmalarını içeren literatüre katkıda bulunmakta ve öne çıkan tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinde kullanılmak üzere ileri düzey NP`lerin oluşturulmasına yardımcı olabilecek değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have become popular in biomedical research due to their applicability in various fields, especially therapeutics and diagnostics. However, a significant challenge lies in enhancing their bioactivity while maintaining functionality, since bare IONPs may pose toxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of functionalized IONPs to ensure their safe and sustainable use in medical areas. For this purpose, four different IONPs, bare, dextran-coated, ascorbic acid-coated, and oleic acid-coated IONPs, were produced and characterized using analytical methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate their morphological and compositional features. Next, different cytotoxic responses and cellular internalization levels of synthesized and extensively characterized IONPs were measured using different cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2 and HEK293) and cytotoxicity tests (WST-1, resazurin and Annexin V) with varying levels of complexity (e.g., 2D, 3D and co-culture models). The results of the study showed that coating materials used to modify the surface of IONPs notably affected the interactions between cells and particles. Dextran- and ascorbic acid-coated IONPs significantly improved the bioactivity of these NPs compared to bare ones, which is supported by cytotoxicity studies performed in 2D cell cultures, differentiated monolayers and spheroids. The findings of this study highlight that surface functionalization is crucial in creating safer and more effective IONPs for biomedical applications. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the factors that play a role in the cytotoxic effects of IONPs and provides valuable perceptions that may aid in the creation of advanced NPs for precise theranostics.
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have become popular in biomedical research due to their applicability in various fields, especially therapeutics and diagnostics. However, a significant challenge lies in enhancing their bioactivity while maintaining functionality, since bare IONPs may pose toxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of functionalized IONPs to ensure their safe and sustainable use in medical areas. For this purpose, four different IONPs, bare, dextran-coated, ascorbic acid-coated, and oleic acid-coated IONPs, were produced and characterized using analytical methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate their morphological and compositional features. Next, different cytotoxic responses and cellular internalization levels of synthesized and extensively characterized IONPs were measured using different cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2 and HEK293) and cytotoxicity tests (WST-1, resazurin and Annexin V) with varying levels of complexity (e.g., 2D, 3D and co-culture models). The results of the study showed that coating materials used to modify the surface of IONPs notably affected the interactions between cells and particles. Dextran- and ascorbic acid-coated IONPs significantly improved the bioactivity of these NPs compared to bare ones, which is supported by cytotoxicity studies performed in 2D cell cultures, differentiated monolayers and spheroids. The findings of this study highlight that surface functionalization is crucial in creating safer and more effective IONPs for biomedical applications. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the factors that play a role in the cytotoxic effects of IONPs and provides valuable perceptions that may aid in the creation of advanced NPs for precise theranostics.
Description
Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Bioengineering, Izmir, 2025
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 104-120)
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 104-120)
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
ORCID
Keywords
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Cell culture, Bioengineering, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Metal Nanoparticles
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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151
