Yeşil Mikroalgden Biyo-plastik Üretimi için Miksotrofik Kültivasyonda Şilempe Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi
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Biyoplastik pazarını genişletmek ve biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir plastiklerin üretimini artırmak için yeni sürdürülebilir biyoplastikler geliştirme ve bu ürünleri yenilikçi üretim yöntemleriyle pazara sunma ihtiyacı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gıda ve çevre güvenliği açısından risk oluşturmayan, maliyet açısından rekabetçi, yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir bir kaynak olan mikroalglerden (Chlorella vulgaris) biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir takviyeli kompozit biyofilm üretilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Ultrasonikasyon uygulamasının polisakkarit ekstraksiyonuna etkisi araştırılmış ve maleik anhidrit aşılanmış polibütilen süksinat (PBS-MAH) ile modifiye edilmiş polisakkarit açısından zengin biyokütlenin kompozit biyofilm üretimine etkileri de incelenmiştir. En yüksek optik yoğunluk değeri (2.98), 11 günlük yetiştirme periyodu boyunca %0.2 şilempe konsantrasyonu, 102.86 µmol m-2s-1 ışık şiddeti ve 16:8 ışık:karanlık fotoperiyodu altında elde edilmiştir. Ekzopolisakkaritlerin (EP'ler) ultrasonik ekstraksiyonu için optimum koşullar %12,09 Chlorella biyokütle-su oranı, 50°C sıcaklık ve 45 dakikalık ön işlem süresi olarak belirlenmiş ve %1,33 EP verimi elde edilmiştir. Kompozit film üretimi için beş farklı formülasyon seçilmiş ve karşılaştırma için iki alg örneği (ticari Chlorella ve Chlorella vulgaris) kullanılmıştır. Kompozit filmler biyokütlelerin PBS-MAH ile karıştırılmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Maksimum uzama değeri (%4,8) C. vulgaris ve %5 PBS-MAH kullanılarak yapılan filmde gözlenirken, maksimum çekme dayanımı (4,8 kPa) C. vulgaris ve %10 PBS-MAH kullanılarak yapılan filmde gözlenmiştir. C. vulgaris filmleri daha homojen ve daha az gözenekli bir morfolojiye sahipti. Ultrasonik ön işlemle biyokütlenin parçalanmasının, mikroalglerin polimerle bağlanmasını iyileştirebileceği ve homojenliğini artırabileceği gözlemlenmiştir.
For expand the bioplastic market and increase the production of biodegradable plastics, the need to develop new sustainable bioplastics and to introduce these products to the market with innovative production methods is increasing everyday. In this study, a biodegradable reinforced composite biofilm from microalga (Chlorella vulgaris) was produced and tested, which is a cost-competitive, renewable, and sustainable resource that does not pose a risk concerning food and environmental safety.The effect of ultrasonication application on polysaccharide extraction was investigated and the effects of polysaccharide-rich biomass modified with maleic anhydride-grafted polybutylene succinate(PBS-MAH) on composite biofilm production were also investigated. The highest optical density value (2.98) was obtained under 0.2% vinasse concentration, 102.86 µmol m-2s-1light intensity and 16:8 light:dark photoperiod for 11-days of cultivation period. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction of exopolysaccharides (EPs) were determined as 12.09% Chlorella biomass-water ratio, 50°C temperature and 45 min pretreatment time and 1.33% EP yield was obtained. Five different formulations were selected for composite film production and two algae samples (commercial Chlorella and C. vulgaris) were used for comparison. Composite films were prepared by blending biomasses with PBS-MAH. Maximum elongation value (4.8%) was observed in the film made using C. vulgaris and 5% PBS-MAH, while maximum tensile strength (4.8 kPa) was observed in the film made using C. vulgaris and 10% PBS-MAH. C. vulgaris films had a more homogeneous and less porous morphology. It was observed that the disintegration of biomass by ultrasonic pretreatment could improve the binding of microalgae with polymer and increase its homogeneity.
For expand the bioplastic market and increase the production of biodegradable plastics, the need to develop new sustainable bioplastics and to introduce these products to the market with innovative production methods is increasing everyday. In this study, a biodegradable reinforced composite biofilm from microalga (Chlorella vulgaris) was produced and tested, which is a cost-competitive, renewable, and sustainable resource that does not pose a risk concerning food and environmental safety.The effect of ultrasonication application on polysaccharide extraction was investigated and the effects of polysaccharide-rich biomass modified with maleic anhydride-grafted polybutylene succinate(PBS-MAH) on composite biofilm production were also investigated. The highest optical density value (2.98) was obtained under 0.2% vinasse concentration, 102.86 µmol m-2s-1light intensity and 16:8 light:dark photoperiod for 11-days of cultivation period. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction of exopolysaccharides (EPs) were determined as 12.09% Chlorella biomass-water ratio, 50°C temperature and 45 min pretreatment time and 1.33% EP yield was obtained. Five different formulations were selected for composite film production and two algae samples (commercial Chlorella and C. vulgaris) were used for comparison. Composite films were prepared by blending biomasses with PBS-MAH. Maximum elongation value (4.8%) was observed in the film made using C. vulgaris and 5% PBS-MAH, while maximum tensile strength (4.8 kPa) was observed in the film made using C. vulgaris and 10% PBS-MAH. C. vulgaris films had a more homogeneous and less porous morphology. It was observed that the disintegration of biomass by ultrasonic pretreatment could improve the binding of microalgae with polymer and increase its homogeneity.
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Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
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checked on May 04, 2026
