İnvaziv Lobüler Meme Kanserinde N6-metiladenozin (m6A) Silici Yağ Kütlesi ve Obeziteyle İlişkili (FTO) Proteinin Karakterizasyonu ve Hedef Genlerin Tanımlanması
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Meme kanseri dünyada kadınlarda en yaygın olarak teşhis edilen bir kanser tipidir. Histolojik olarak invaziv lobüler meme kanseri memenin süt üretiminin gerçekleştiği lobüllerde meydana gelmektedir ve tüm meme kanserlerinin yaklaşık olarak %15'ini oluşturmaktadır. ER ve PR ekspresyonu yüksek HER2 ekspresyonu düşüktür ve çeşitli sinyal yolaklarında görev alan CDH1, TP53, PTEN ve AKT1, gibi genlerde mutasyon bulundurmaktadır. Kanserin regülasyonunda m6A RNA modifikasyonu gibi epitanskriptomik modifikasyonlar kanserinin biyolojik süreçlerinde görev almaktadır. m6A modifikasyonunun dinamik olarak ve geri döndürülebilir bir şekilde düzenlenmesini yazıcı, silici ve okuyucu proteinler sağlamaktadır. Bu proteinlerin ekspresyon seviyeleri kanser çeşidi ve hücre tiplerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılıklar kanser hücrelerinin tespiti ve tedavi edilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu tezin amacı, ters genetik yaklaşımlar kullanarak FTO manipülasyonu ile MDA-MB-134 invaziv lobüler meme kanseri ilişkili fenotipler arasında bir bağlantı kurmak ve bu hücrelerde FTO'nun potansiyel hedef genlerini belirlemektir. Bu nedenle her iki hücre hattında da FTO proteini susturulmuş olup canlılığın MCF10A hücrelerinde %19,5, MDA-MB-134 hücrelerinde %16,7 oranında azaldığı; MDA-MB-134 hücrelerinin canlı hücre oranının %9,41 azaldığı ve erken apoptoz oranının %8,40 arttığı; MCF10A hücrelerinin S fazının %3,2 azalırken, MDA-MB-134 hücrelerinin S fazının %5,3 azaldığı ve G0/G1 fazında %5,1 arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu nedenle MDA-MB-134 hücrelerinde bu fenotiplere sebep olabilecek ve MCF10A hücrelerinden farklı metile olan aday genler ZFP36L1, CDKN2B, SSTR2 ve AR olarak belirlenmiş ancak ekspresyon seviyelerinde FTO'ya bağlı bir değişim gözlemlenmemiştir.
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women worldwide. Histologically, invasive lobular breast cancer occurs in the lobules of the breast where milk production takes place and accounts for 15% of breast cancers. ER and PR expression is high, HER2 expression is low, and it contains mutations in genes like CDH1, TP53, PTEN, and AKT1, which are involved in various signaling pathways. Epitranscriptomic modifications like m6A RNA modification play a role in the cancer regulation. Writer, eraser, and reader proteins provide dynamic regulation of m6A. The expression levels of these proteins vary according to cancer and cell types. These differences are very important for the detection and treatment of cancer cells. This thesis aims to establish a link between FTO manipulation and MDA-MB-134 invasive lobular breast cancer-associated phenotypes using reverse genetic approaches and to identify potential target genes of FTO in these cells. Therefore, FTO was silenced in both cell lines and it was observed that viability decreased by 19.5% in MCF10A cells and 16.7% in MDA-MB-134 cells; the live cell ratio decreased by 9.41% and the early apoptosis rate increased by 8.40% in MDA-MB-134 cells; S phase of MCF10A cells decreased by 3.2% while S phase of MDA-MB-134 cells decreased by 5.3% and G0/G1 phase increased by 5.1%. Therefore, candidate genes that may cause these phenotypes in MDA-MB-134 cells and are methylated differently than MCF10A cells were identified as ZFP36L1, CDKN2B, SSTR2 and AR, but no FTO-dependent change was observed in their expression levels.
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women worldwide. Histologically, invasive lobular breast cancer occurs in the lobules of the breast where milk production takes place and accounts for 15% of breast cancers. ER and PR expression is high, HER2 expression is low, and it contains mutations in genes like CDH1, TP53, PTEN, and AKT1, which are involved in various signaling pathways. Epitranscriptomic modifications like m6A RNA modification play a role in the cancer regulation. Writer, eraser, and reader proteins provide dynamic regulation of m6A. The expression levels of these proteins vary according to cancer and cell types. These differences are very important for the detection and treatment of cancer cells. This thesis aims to establish a link between FTO manipulation and MDA-MB-134 invasive lobular breast cancer-associated phenotypes using reverse genetic approaches and to identify potential target genes of FTO in these cells. Therefore, FTO was silenced in both cell lines and it was observed that viability decreased by 19.5% in MCF10A cells and 16.7% in MDA-MB-134 cells; the live cell ratio decreased by 9.41% and the early apoptosis rate increased by 8.40% in MDA-MB-134 cells; S phase of MCF10A cells decreased by 3.2% while S phase of MDA-MB-134 cells decreased by 5.3% and G0/G1 phase increased by 5.1%. Therefore, candidate genes that may cause these phenotypes in MDA-MB-134 cells and are methylated differently than MCF10A cells were identified as ZFP36L1, CDKN2B, SSTR2 and AR, but no FTO-dependent change was observed in their expression levels.
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Biyoloji, Biology
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