Removal of Antimony(v) From Aqueous Solutions by Electrodeionization

Abstract

This study investigates the removal efficiency of the toxic element antimony (Sb(V)) using a combined system incorporating ion exchange resins and ion exchange membranes to form an Electrodeionization (EDI) cell. The impact of various operational parameters, including applied potential, flow rate, Na₂SO₄ concentration in the electrode compartment, and the presence of interfering ions, on Sb(V) removal was systematically examined. Results indicate that increasing the applied potential significantly enhances Sb(V) removal, achieving a maximum removal rate of 99% at 40 V and 50 V, with the residual Sb(V) concentrations reducing to 60 μg/L and 9 μg/L, respectively. Variation in flow rate from 1 L/h to 3 L/h showed that removal efficiency peaks at 99% for flow rates of 2 L/h and above. Adjusting the Na₂SO₄ concentration from 0.005 M to 0.05 M in the electrode compartment also improves removal efficiency, maintaining a rate of 99%. Furthermore, the presence of low concentrations of Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻, NO₃⁻, and PO₄³⁻ ions resulted in achieving a 99% removal efficiency of Sb(V). These findings demonstrate the system's robustness and potential for effective Sb(V) removal from aqueous solutions under varying operational conditions. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd