Light-Emitting Diodes: Mechanism of Inactivation of Microorganisms and Effects on Different Microorganisms

Abstract

UV lights are widely used for surface disinfection, sterilization of water, and various liquid foods. The usage of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has become prominent as a light source for sterilization and decontamination of materials. LEDs have been widely investigated for water treatment. However, there are limited studies on the use of LEDs for food materials due to their low light transmittance capabilities. To develop the most effective treatment for sterilization and decontamination purposes in food processing, it is necessary to know what the different microbial inactivation mechanisms of LEDs are and what their limitations are for use. This chapter includes discussions on the microbial inactivation efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelengths; and the inactivation mechanisms of various microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, molds, algae, and yeast). © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.