Spatial and Temporal of Variation of Meteorological Drought and Precipitation Trend Analysis Over Whole Mauritania

Abstract

Using monthly precipitation data from 15 stations, well spread over whole Mauritania, and recorded for a long period of time (1919-2016) of almost 100 years, a classification of drought is performed, based on its intensity and duration. For this purpose, the gamma-Standardized Precipitation Index (gamma-SPI) is used to detect drought events (drought frequency, duration and intensity). The Mann-Kendall Test (MK test) is employed for the trend analysis of the precipitation data at all stations and the Thiel-Sen Approach is used to calculate the magnitude of the slopes of the trends. The drought analysis results show that there were severe and extreme drought conditions seen all over the country, especially in 1970s and 1980s. This serious case seems to be emerging in early 2010s. The drought conditions in recent years seems to be more pronounced in the central and southern regions of the country. The trend analysis results reveal that there is no depletion observed in precipitation at the northern region. The total deficit in precipitation is about 100 mm or less during almost 100 year period at the western region. However, the results show that there is pronounced decrease in precipitation at the southern region, reaching to almost a total of 300 mm deficit in nearly 100-year period.