Environmental Engineering / Çevre Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4321
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Article Pomza ve Nsdd-pomza ile Sabit Yataklı Kolon Reaktörde Metilen Mavisi Giderimi: Deneysel ve Modelleme Çalışması(2019) Balcı, Esin; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Recepoğlu, Yaşar Kemal; Gören, Ayşegül YağmurNano sıfır değerlikli demir (nSDD) yüksek renk konsantrasyonlarına sahip tekstil atıksularının arıtımında ekonomik ve çevre dostu bir adsorban olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak nSDD partikülleri sulu çözeltilerde elektrostatik etkileşimler sebebiyle kolayca topaklaşmakta ve bu da arıtma veriminin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla düşük maliyetli, doğal poröz yapıda ve ortalama 2m2/gr spesifik yüzey alanına sahip pomza, nSDD topaklaşmasını önleyici bir malzeme olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada sadece pomza ve pomzanSDD (ağırlıkça 9:1) karışımının kullanıldığı kolon reaktörde 25, 50, 75 ve 100 mg/L metilen mavisi konsantrasyonları için arıtma verimleri incelenmiştir. Pomzanın ve pomza-nSDD karışımının 100 mg/L metilen mavisi deneyindeki toplam kapasiteleri sırasıyla 2,8 ve 4,2 mg/g-adsorban olarak bulunmuştur. Özellikle düşük konsantrasyonlarda, pomza-nSDD karışımının arıtma performansını önemli ölçüde arttırdığı görülmüştür. Thomas modeli deneysel verilere uygulanmış ve modelin öngörü gücünün düşük konsantrasyonda yüksekken, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ortalama olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.Article Soil Contamination by Metals/Metalloids Around an Industrial Region and Associated Human Health Risk Assessment(2024) Demirtepe, HaleIndustrial, agricultural, transportation, and waste management activities cause soil contamination by metals/metalloids. Soil contamination is an essential global concern since it poses a significant risk to human health. Particularly in areas near heavy industry, people are more prone to exposure. This study aims to determine current metal/metalloid contamination levels in soil from Aliağa industrial region and assess associated health risks. Five surface soil samples were collected from the region, representing residential, agricultural areas, and downwind of possible sources. Pollution indices were calculated to determine the metal(loid)s with anthropogenic inputs, and a human health risk assessment was conducted. As a result, significant to extreme enrichment of arsenic (As), moderate to significant enrichment of zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn), and very high enrichment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were observed in soil samples. Possible sources of contamination were iron and steel facilities with electric arc furnaces and oil combustion. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed acceptable risks of exposure to Aliağa soils, while exposure scenarios had a great impact on estimated risks. Arsenic, chromium (Cr), and Pb appeared to be significant contributors to non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to As, Pb, Cr, cobalt (Co), and Cd in soils were evaluated to be at an acceptable level. This study only considered soil exposure pathways; hence, a comprehensive risk assessment is deemed necessary not to underestimate the risk of living around an industrial region. Nevertheless, the study provided crucial information for the current hot spots for metal(loid)s in the region and human exposure level.Article Occurrence of Bromide and Bromate in Chlorinated Indoor Swimming Pools, And Associated Health Risks(Yildiz Technical University, 2023) Dumanoğlu, Y.; Genisoglu, M.; Sofuoglu, S.C.Swimming is a physical activity that is accessible to people of all ages in all seasons. However, continuous organic and inorganic precursor load and disinfectant dosing make pool water chemistry much more complex than other disinfected waters. Carcinogenic bromate compound is one of the hundreds of disinfection by-products in pool water. The occurrence of bromate in pool waters depends on the precursor content of filling water, the disinfection process, operating parameters, and the purity of disinfectants. While the average filling water bromide concentrations of University Campus indoor swimming pool in Gülbahçe –Urla (SP1) and Buca public indoor swimming pool (SP2) were determined to be 182 μg/L and 11.0 μg/L, respectively, the average bromate concentrations of SP1 and SP2 were 59.4 μg/L and 68.3 μg/L. Estimated chronic-toxic health risks of accidental ingestion of pool water during swimming (between 10-3 and 10-1) were lower than the threshold level (‘1’). Although the carcinogenic risks in central tendency scenario (<10-6) indicate negligible risks for swimmers, worst case scenario indicates carcinogenic risks (medians were ranged from 1.61×10-6 to 9.42×10-6) for highly exposed specific swimmer groups. Bromate accumulation in swimming pools needs attention for mitigating the health risks for swimmers. © 2021, Yıldız Technical University.Article Cyanobacterial Communities in Mucilage Collected From Çanakkale Strait (dardanelles): Metagenomic Approach(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kahraman Yılmaz, Dilek; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Küçüker, Mehmet AliIn this study, cyanobacterial communities in mucilage samples collected from three stations in the Dardanelles Strait were analyzed with a metagenomic approach. Mucilage samples were collected at the beginning of June 2021 from three points of the Dardanelles (Station 1: 40°6'42.78"N, 26°23'57.00"E; Station 2: 40°9'8.09"N, 26°24'16.19"E; Station 3: 40°6 '21.62"N, 26°22'41.25"E). The dominant cyanobacteria were Prochlorococcus marinus (39.17%), Synechococcus sp. (20.85%), Lyngbya sp. (12.00%), Trichodesmium erythraeum (7.33%), Aphanocapsa sp. (4.33%) and Leptolyngbya sp. (3.33%), which constituted 87.00 % of the total number of sequences. In this study, cyanobacteria species that can cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects on the mucilage structure have been determined. The Marmara Sea and the Dardanelles Strait, which have been affected by serious disturbances, including industrial activities, anthropogenic impacts, tourism and artificial lighting, will never be fully restored to their former ecological state. In addition, cyanobacteria species in the mucilage may cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects that threaten the future well-being of coastal populations and ecosystem stability. Thus, the government and local authorities should pay more attention to combating the mucilage.Note Afet sonrası atıkların yönetimi hakkında değerlendirme(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Kaplangı, Berat BatuhanÜlkemizde 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ın Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçelerinde sırasıyla 7,7 ve 7,6 büyüklüklerinde depremler meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremleri peşi sıra binlerce artçı deprem gerçekleşmiştir [1]. Gerçekleşen afetin ülkemizde ve milletimizde derin yaralar açtığı acı bir gerçektir. Tüm bunların yanında, bu tip afetlerin maalesef çevre üzerinde de çok ciddi boyutlarda etkileri olmaktadır. Çevresel açıdan değerlendirilmesi gereken en önemli konularında birisi de deprem sonrasında oluşan atıkların yönetimidir. Bu çalışmada, afet sonrasında oluşan atıkların yönetiminin önemine dikkat çekilecektir.Article Characterization of Asbestos in Ambient Air During Refractory Material Production From Magnesite Ore(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Küçüker, Mehmet AliAsbestos is a general term employed for crystallized silicate minerals in fibril form. It can be commonly found in nature and from which fibre uses in the industry through processing are obtained. It is dielectric and fibrous, having an elastic feature. However, there is limited information about the air quality in terms of asbestos for the companies that produce refractory materials from magnesite ore. This deficiency in the literature can be eliminated with this study for a company with high quality and durable refractory materials. Among the most commonly used asbestos analysis are scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). Asbestos analyses have been performed in two different institutions on the parallel samples whose preliminary processes have been completed. According to the results of the examinations conducted by SEM, 23 of the fibrils observed in a total area are bigger than five µmin lengths and less than 3 µm in width. Three of these fibrils were observed to have the characteristics of chrysotile fibres morphemically and elementally. In addition, airborne samples were analyzed using a TEM instrument. According to the results obtained, 13 of the fibrils observed in total were bigger than 5 µm in length and less than 3 µm in width and based on ED analysis and elemental composition (EDXA) results of these fibrils, and they were not observed to have the characteristics of chrysotile fibres. The majority of the fibrils observed were noted to be other inorganic minerals (lizardite) fibrils. Additionally, the obtained results show that the asbestos concentration in the air is below the limit specified by the provision (0,1 fiber/cm3).Book Karbondioksit ve Sınıflar(Makina Mühendisleri Odası, 2022) Toksoy, Macit; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilTürkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği (TOBB), İklimlendirme Meclisi (İM) tarafından kurulan İç Hava Kalitesi Komisyonu, Türkiye için geliştirilecek iç hava kalitesi yönetmeliğine öneri geliştirmek üzere bir İHK - Yönetmelik Limit Değerler Çalışma Grubu oluşturmuştur. Çeşitli üniversitelerden akademisyenlerin ve uzmanların oluşturduğu Çalışma Grubu ilk olarak, okullarda/sınıflarda iç hava kirleticilerinin öğrenci sağlığını etkilemeyecek limit değerlerini önermeyi, ilk hedef olarak belirlemiş ve kendi içinde iç hava kirleticileri için iş bölümü yapmıştır. Bu kitap, Çalışma Grubu içinde yer alan Macit Toksoy ve Sait Cemil Sofuoğlu tarafından sınıf - karbon dioksit – öğrenci arakesiti üzerinde, mevcut Literatürün değerlendirilmesi ile yapılan çalışmanın ürünüdür. Çalışma hem sınıflardaki müsaade edilebilir karbon dioksit konsantrasyonları ile ilgili önerileri geliştirmek hem de sınıflarda yapılacak havalandırma sistemları tasarımı kriterleri için bir referans doküman oluşturmak hedefiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.Article Noktasal Kaynaklar için Ulusal Hava Kirliliği Emisyon Faktörleri ve Envanterinin Belirlenmesi: Metal Sektörü için Örnek Bir Çalışma(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2021) Özdemir, Hüseyin; Aktaş, Muhammet Ali; Yalçın, İbrahim Ertuğrul; Alyüz, Ümmügülsüm; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Özcan, H. Kurtuluş; Köksal, Canan Esin; Çetintürk Gürtepe, İrde; Demir, Göksel; Ünal, AlperHava kalitesinin korunması için yürütülen çalışmalar ve yasal uygulamalar, günümüzde çevre bilincinin artması ile daha daönemli hale gelmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gibi çevre dostu düzenlemeler ile hava kalitesininiyileştirilmesi artık ülke politikalarında yer almaktadır. Hava kalitesinin yükseltilmesine yönelik yasal düzenlemelerinhazırlanmasında mevcut durumun ortaya konması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Atmosfere verilen kirliliğin miktarının doğruolarak tespit edilebilmesi ve illerin temiz hava eylem planlarının hazırlanabilmesi için ulusal ölçekte, kaynaklarına göre havakirleticilerinin emisyon envanterinin hesaplanması, ulusal ve uluslararası sorumluluklar gereği atmosfere verdiğimizemisyonların belirli periyotlarda raporlanması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, emisyon envanterinin belirli bir düzen içerisinde,kirlilik kaynaklarına ait veriler ve yerel emisyon faktörleri kullanılarak hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, MarmaraBölgesi pilot bölge seçilerek Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı ile birlikte ülkemizde ilk defa ulusal emisyon envanteri geliştirilmesiprojesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki noktasal kaynaklar için yapılan kısım bu makalede anlatılmış ve metal sektörüyleilgili elde edilen sonuçlar verilmiştir. Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki metal sektörünün emisyon envanteri hesaplamasında 27 tesisin128 emisyon kaynak bilgisi kullanılmıştır. Ulusal emisyon faktörleriyle yapılan hesaplamalara göre emisyon değerleri; CO için46.849 ton/yıl, SO2 için 7.589 ton/yıl, NOx için 8.906 ton/yıl ve TSP için 1.759 ton/yıl bulunmuştur.Article Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of the Çanakkale Strait (dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes(2021) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kahraman, Dilek; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Küçüker, Mehmet AliIn this study, we used shotgun metagenome sequencing to examine the metabolic diversity, microbial community structure and diverse antimicrobial resistance genes of mucilage in the surface waters of the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). Mucilage samples were collected in April 2021 from the three different stations of the Dardanelles. The dominant microbial communities at the phylum level were Bacteroidetes (20.06%), Proteobacteria (13.68%), Verrucomicrobia (6.25%), Planctomycetes (3.02%) and Cyanobacteria (2.5%). Metabolic pathway analysis using KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) revealed that most of the genes of mucilage samples were involved in unclassified (73.86%) followed by metabolism (14.45%), genetic information processing (4.16%), environmental information processing (2.57%), cellular processing (1.88%), human diseases (1.61%), and organismal systems (1.47%). The dfrA3 gene was the most prevalent (20.36%) followed by CRP (18.17%), PmrE (14.92%), rpoB2 (11.17%), SoxR (7.49%), AbeS (6.83%), baeR (5.22%), PmrF (3.70%), dfrA22 (2.20%), dfrA26 (1.76%), dfrA20 (1.63%), golS (1.26%), CAT (1.03%), mtrA (1.01%), TMB-1 (0.64%), novA (0.64%), dfrK (0.59%), vanXB (0.48%), dfrG (0.39%), FosC2 (0.31%), and MexA (0.20%) genes. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) types mainly included the resistance genes of multidrug (40.19%), trimethoprim (26.93%), polymyxin (18.62%), rifamycin (11.17%), chloramphenicol (1.03%), aminocoumarin (0.64%), beta-lactamase (0.64%), fosfomycin (0.31%), and vancomycin (0.48%). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mucilage can adhere to human skin during swimming, fishing, water sports etc., enter the body through the nose and mouth, and transfer genetic information to the bacteria in contact areas in the human body. Therefore, this situation is risky in public health, and necessary precautions should be taken. In the light of these findings, it has been observed that there is a need for more detailed studies in the future.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9How Does Arsenic Speciation (arsenite and Arsenate) in Groundwater Affect the Performance of an Aerated Electrocoagulation Reactor and Human Health Risk?(Elsevier, 2022) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Kobya, Mehmet; Khataee, AlirezaArsenic (As) occurrence in water resources has become one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. The detrimental health impacts on humans have been reported due to the consumption of As-contaminated groundwater resources. Consumption of As-containing water over the long term can cause arsenicosis and chronic effects on human health due to its toxicity. Several treatment processes are available for As removals such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane technologies but they have various major drawbacks. In the present work, therefore, an aerated electrocoagulation (EC) system with aluminum anodes was operated for simultaneous arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) removal to overcome the disadvantages of other processes such as, sludge formation, difficulties in operation, high operating costs, high energy consumption, and the requirement of pre-treatment process and to enhance the conventional EC process. The combined effects of the applied current (0.075–0.3 A), aeration rate (0–6 L/min), pH (6.5–8.5), and As speciation (As(V)-As(III)) were studied on As removal efficiency. The findings revealed that As removal mostly depended on the airflow rate and the applied current in the EC system. The highest As removal efficiency (99.1%) was obtained at an airflow rate of 6 L/min, a pH of 6.5, an initial As (V) concentration of 200 μg/L, and a current of 0.3 A, with an energy consumption of 2.85 kWh/m3 and an operating cost of 0.66 $/m3. The human health risk assessment of treated water was also examined to understand the performance of the EC system. At most of the experimental runs, the chronic toxic risk (CTR) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As were within the permissible limits except for an airflow rate of 0–2 L/min, an initial pH of 8.5, and a current of 0.075–0.15 A for high initial As (III) concentrations. Overall, the As removal performance and groundwater risk assessment show that the EC process is a promising option for industrial applications.
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