City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4274
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Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5De-Sealing Reverses Habitat Decay More Than Increasing Groundcover Vegetation(MDPI, 2023) Couch, Virginia; Salata, Stefano; Saygın, Nicel; Frary, Anne; Arslan, BertanModeling ecosystem services is a growing trend in scientific research, and Nature-based Solutions (NbSs) are increasingly used by land-use planners and environmental designers to achieve improved adaptation to climate change and mitigation of the negative effects of climate change. Predictions of ecological benefits of NbSs are needed early in design to support decision making. In this study, we used ecological analysis to predict the benefits of two NbSs applied to a university masterplan and adjusted our preliminary design strategy according to the first modeling results. Our Area of Interest was the IZTECH campus, which is located in a rural area of the eastern Mediterranean region (Izmir/Turkey). A primary design goal was to improve habitat quality by revitalizing soil. Customized analysis of the Baseline Condition and two NbSs scenarios was achieved by using local values obtained from a high-resolution photogrammetric scan of the catchment to produce flow accumulation and habitat quality indexes. Results indicate that anthropogenic features are the primary cause of habitat decay and that decreasing imperviousness reduces habitat decay significantly more than adding vegetation. This study creates a method of supporting sustainability goals by quickly testing alternative NbSs. The main innovation is demonstrating that early approximation of the ecological benefits of NbSs can inform preliminary design strategy. The proposed model may be calibrated to address specific environmental challenges of a given location and test other forms of NbSs.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 11Adapting Cities To Pluvial Flooding: the Case of Izmir (türkiye)(MDPI, 2022) Salata, Stefano; Couch, Virginia Thompson; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Baba, Alper; Saygın, Nicel; Uzelli, TaygunIn the coming decades, climate change will be one of the most significant challenges for urban areas. The quantity, duration and intensity of events, such as flash rains and heat waves, will increase the vulnerability of urban regions while exposing citizens to potentially dangerous conditions. According to the current literature, mainstreaming resilience in urban planning means designing rules that strengthen urban systems’ adaptive and self-regulating functions by reducing their vulnerability. In this work, we aimed to build knowledge for the application of the sponge district concept to Izmir (Türkiye), one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to pluvial flooding. To do this, we first analyzed the runoff in each urban sub-watershed, then employed a composite index to determine potential areas of intervention for nature-based solutions. Results show that 10% of Izmir’s urban areas are extremely vulnerable to cloudbursts, which means that 40% of the urban population is exposed to this phenomenon. Moreover, the runoff calculation in the sub-watershed demonstrated that the potential flood volume is underestimated, especially in the upslope areas. The results can be used as a template to suggest a stepwise approach to mainstream the resilience of densely-inhabited coastal urban catchments.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 17Integrating Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Environmental Regulation Plan of Izmir (turkey)-What Are the Limits and Potentialities?(MDPI, 2022) Salata, Stefano; Özkavaf Şenalp, Sıla; Velibeyoğlu, KorayThe land-use regulatory framework in Turkey is composed of several hierarchical plans. The Environmental Regulation Plan pursues comprehensive planning management, which ranges between 1/100,000 and 1/25,000 and defines the framework for local master plans. Unfortunately, there is scarce knowledge of how these plans effectively protect the environment. Besides, these plans have poor consideration of socio-economic dynamics and the ecosystem vulnerability, while evaluating the actual conflicts or synergies within the localization of ecological conservation and settlement expansion areas. In this work, an ecosystem-based geodatabase was created for the western Izmir area (Turkey). The dataset has been created by employing a supervised classification sampling of Sentinel-2 images acquired on 28 March 2021, while accessing ONDA-DIAS services to L2C products. Then, the InVEST software was used to map the Habitat Quality and the Habitat Decay, while the ArcMap raster analysis tool was employed to generate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The results were used to classify the ecosystem vulnerability of the western metropolitan area of Izmir and then superimposed to the Environmental Regulation Plan of the city of Izmir (2021), thus evaluating synergies and conflicts. Although integration of the ecosystem services approach into spatial planning is lacking in the planning practice of Turkey, the paper provides an operative methodology to integrate ecosystem evaluation in environmental planning as a basic strategy to support sustainable development.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 15Designing With Ecosystem Modelling: the Sponge District Application in İzmir, Turkey(MDPI, 2022) Salata, Stefano; Arslan, BertanClimate change is threatening coastal cities affected by multiple hazards worldwide. Due to the increase in extreme weather events and the low capacity of cities to adapt to these odds, losses, exposure, and fatalities arise with the occurred events. Besides, traditional hazard mapping and risk planning techniques often fall behind when facing a climate crisis since extreme changes in quantity, frequency, and distribution of meteorological phenomena are observed. Specific and localized flood vulnerability mitigation strategies need to be developed, particularly for settlements on coastal and sloppy areas with a high risk of stream accumulation during rainfall days. This paper uses the urban flood risk mitigation of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) generated within the Natural Capital Project to determine İzmir’s cloudburst vulnerability level. The city has experienced several cloudbursts in the last couple of months which inundated densely populated areas. The soil’s hydrologic conductibility and the land use/land cover (LULC) map were required as main inputs. The LULC map was produced on the basis of surface imperviousness. The model calculates the run-off volume and how much is retained by soil and vegetation. Outputs were used to concretely apply the sponge district concept while designing performance-based ecosystem solutions. In the light of the findings, the new performance-based design demonstrated how digital ecosystem modelling could support the urban design decision-making process.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 17Land Suitability Analysis for Vineyard Cultivation in the Izmir Metropolitan Area(MDPI, 2022) Salata, Stefano; Özkavaf Şenalp, Sıla; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Elburz, ZeynepThe grapevine, so-called Vitis vinifera L., is one of the most diffuse perennial crop plan-tations in the world due to a flourishing market that shaped the landscape and the societal val-ues. Turkey has been a historical vine producer, counting on an overall vineyard extension of 550,000 hectares. Besides, Turkey has some favorable pre-requisites to be one of the most fertile lands for vineyard production: variegated topography, rich soil diversity, heterogeneous morphology, and several micro-climatic conditions. However, establishing a flourishing and fully productive vineyard requires many years, and therefore, the selection and management of sites should be considered with great attention. Within this work, a first land suitability analysis for vineyard production has been established for the entire metropolitan area of Izmir according to the most scientifically-agreed criteria: elevation, slope, aspect, land capability, and solar radiation. These criteria were superim-posed through spatial overlay analysis using Esri ArcGIS (ver.10.8) and evaluated using the Principal Component Analysis technique. The first three bands were then extracted to define the most suitable areas for vineyard production in Izmir. The final layer has been used to define which areas can be considered for future strategic expansion and management. The discussion focuses on the Kozak plateau, where a new policy of vineyard plantation will be promoted with techniques that aim to maintain and revalorize the traditional vineyard landscapes and conserve traditional methods and practices that have evolved with the cultural values of the villagers and producers.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 25Performance-Based Planning To Reduce Flooding Vulnerability Insights From the Case of Turin (north-Wwest Italy)(MDPI, 2021) Salata, Stefano; Ronchi, Silvia; Giaimo, Carolina; Arcidiacono, Andrea; Pantaloni, Giulio GabrieleClimate change impacts urban areas with greater frequency and exposes continental cities located on floodplains to extreme cloudbursts events. This scenario requires developing specific flooding vulnerability mitigation strategies that improve local knowledge of flood-prone areas at the urban scale and supersede the traditional hazard approach based on the classification of riverine buffers. Moreover, decision-makers need to adopt performance-based strategies for contrasting climate changes and increasing the resilience of the system. This research develops the recent Flooding Risk Mitigation model of InVEST (Integrated Evaluation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-off), where cloudburst vulnerability results from the soil's hydrological conductivity. It is based on the assumption that during cloudburst events, all saturated soils have the potential for flooding, regardless of the distance to rivers or channels, causing damage and, in the worst cases, victims. The model's output gives the run-off retention index evaluated in the catchment area of Turin (Italy) and its neighborhoods. We evaluated the outcome to gain specific insight into potential land use adaptation strategies. The index is the first experimental biophysical assessment developed in this area, and it could prove useful in the revision process of the general town plan underway.Article Citation - WoS: 48Citation - Scopus: 56A Spatial Evaluation of Multifunctional Ecosystem Service Networks Using Principal Component Analysis: A Case of Study in Turin, Italy(Elsevier, 2021) Salata, Stefano; Grillenzoni, CarloThe multifunctional Ecosystem Service supply analysis at the spatial level is often the output of a weighted sum of layers in a Geographic Information System (GIS). This procedure is weak in detecting and representing the relationships between the input layers. Nonetheless, composite indicators produced by overlaying techniques are quite common in applied research and their discrepancies are underestimated in the scientific community, thus affecting the quality of resulting composite maps. In this work, we empirically test the effectiveness of multivariate statistics to obtain reliable composite Ecosystem Maps in the Turin metropolitan area (north-west Italy). We apply the Principal Component Analysis (PCA, using Matlab and ESRI ArcGis) to seven Ecosystem Service models (Habitat Quality, Carbon Sequestration, Water Yield, Nutrient Retention, Sediment Retention, Crop Production and Crop Pollination) and we evaluate how much the resulting composite map differs from the traditional GIS overlay. In doing this, the spectral analysis (with eigenvectors and eigenvalues) of the covariance matrix of the normalized layers confirms the heuristic arguments about the dependence between Ecosystem Services. We show that the PCA method can provide valuable results in landscape Green Network design, avoiding the limits of standard overlaying procedures. Finally, smoothing and classification techniques, applied to PCA estimates, can further improve the approach and encourage its use in various ecological indicators.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 11The Utilization of Supervised Classification Sampling for Environmental Monitoring in Turin (italy)(MDPI, 2021) Salata, StefanoIn a world threatened by climate change, the need to observe the land transformation is crucial to set environmental policies. One of the most prominent issues of environmental monitoring is the availability of updated and reliable land use data. The last land-use release in Piedmont Region (Italy) is in 2010, while the most updated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is in 2016. To overcome this limit, in this study, a supervised classification sampling has been applied on a Sentinel-2 image produced by the Copernicus Program on 29 September 2020, using Esri ArcGIS (ver.10.8 Redlands, California, US) by accessing via ONDA-DIAS services to L2A products. After land classification, three maps were generated-the Habitat Quality, the Habitat Decay, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. This study aimed at classifying the environmental status in five classes ranging from critical to health with a double perspective-(i) to make a comparative metropolitan assessment between municipalities and (ii) to evaluate the quality of urban public green areas in the city of Turin while defining a different kind of intervention. Results indicate that products derived from supervised classification sampling can be applied in a wide range of applications while reaching seasonal monitoring of the environmental status and delivering just-in-time solutions.