City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4274
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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Contradicting Parochial Realms in Neighborhood Parks: How the Park Attributes Shape Women’s Park Use(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Kaştaş-uzun, İpek; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks are significant green public spaces located in close social and geographical proximity to homes to maintain individual and public health. However, some people do not use the nearest parks, but those with other socio- spatial attributes that make them feel more “familiar”. This study argues that with their facilities, amenities and design, and the surrounding land uses, neighborhood parks do not only accommodate, but also define, regulate, and originate social relations among users. Thus, the design and planning of urban public spaces play a role in the emergence and maintenance of supportive and conflictual relations that lead to familiarity. The study answers two research questions: How do the park attributes shape and mediate the interpersonal relations among the park users? How do gender differences influence the parochial realms in parks? Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with 33 female users of two neighborhood parks in a populous district of Izmir (Turkey). Results state that women’s park visits were related to their gendered roles and responsibilities. Yet their responses point to challenges emerging from physical and social attributes of parks and park surroundings which lead to negotiations to protect their individual or group’s privacy (parochial realm) in neighborhood parks. Mainly, perceived threats to women’s parochial realm are men unaccompanied by child(ren), and exposure to the male gaze. The study highlights the importance of investigating these attributes of neighborhood parks for developing research and public policies to improve women’s presence and perceived safety in public settings.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 4An Urban Plan Evaluation for Park Accessibility: a Case in Izmir (turkiye)(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd., 2023) Şenol, Fatma; Öztürk, Sevim Pelin; Atay Kaya, İlgiPlan evaluations about park accessibility are rare at the neighbourhood scale. Moreover, urban plans traditionally identify park accessibility with predetermined measurements that may ignore limited walking conditions of children, the elderly, women with children, and low-income groups. Alternatively, this paper considers equitable (rather than equal) park accessibility as an important goal concerning environmental justice. To guide a path to achieving this goal, it investigates how to assess and revise urban plans with parks within walking distance to social groups in the case of a plan (1/1000 scale) in Izmir (Turkiye). Deployment of the location-allocation analysis (a multi-criteria assessment methodology in Geographic Information Systems, GIS) allows this research to consider physical/geographical barriers to walkability in actual neighbourhood settings and reconfigure such barriers as contextual variables, including limited walking distances of disadvantaged groups. Ultimately, this study also contributes to how to handle spatial and demographic data deficiencies in Turkiye when measuring equitable accessibility of public facilities by walking. Results identify an uneven distribution of park accessibility even within the neighbourhood on the plan and the potential for improving park accessibility by designing some non-park public lands with park features.Research Project Mevcut mahalle parklarının "İhtiyaca Dayalı Hakçalık" açısından değerlendirilmesi: İzmir'deki mahalle pParklarını kimler neden kullanıyor ve kullan(a)mıyor?(2019) Şenol, Fatma; Duran, Hasan Engin; Atay Kaya, İlgi; Şentürk, Burcu; Kaştaş Uzun, İpekBu proje, bireylerin mahalle parkı erişim ve kullanımını, nesnel ve algısal yapılı ve sosyal çevre özelliklerinin etkilediğini, ancak yapılı çevre düzenlemelerinin parkları öncelikle kullanması gerekenlerin (öncelikle çocuklar, çocuklu ev kadınları, yaşlılar ve düşük gelirliler) yaşam koşul ve ihtiyaçlarını gözardı edebildiğini; ve bunun ise adaletsizlik hissine ve parkların az sayıda kişiye erişimiyle kamu kaynaklarının israfına yol açtığını kabul eder. Proje, İzmir?deki mahalle parklarına kimlerin neden ve hangi koşullarda eriş(eme)diği ve kullan(ama)dığını kent, mahalle ve park ölçeğindeki nesnel ve algısal yapılı ve sosyal çevre özelliklerini tespitle değerlendirmiştir. İzmir?de özellikle park-ihtiyaç gruplarının (çocuklar, kadınlar, yaşlılar ve düşük gelirlilerin) mahalle parklarını kullan(ma)ma neden ve koşullarını inceleyen Proje, kamusal kaynakla ve kamu sağlığına yönelik yaratılan parkların kullanımını belirleyen yapılı çevre düzenlemelerinin ihtiyaca-dayalı hakçalığa dayanarak geliştirilmesini ve ilgili araştırma araçlarıyla incelenmesini savunur. Proje bu savunu ve araçlarının il ve kent, mahalle ve park ölçeğinde ve park-ihtiyaç gruplarının mahalle parklarına erişebilirliğini etkileyen koşulların incelenmesinde nasıl kullanılabileceğini uygulamalı araştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla, sağlıklı yaşam çevreleri ve kamusal alanların herkesçe kullanımını hedefleyen kamu ve sivil aktörler için hem yöntemler ve mevcut araçların kullanımına dair rehberlik hem de park kullanımını etkileyen yapılı çevre düzenlemelerine yönelik müdahale alanlarının tarifi hedeflenmiştir. Bulgularımıza göre; İzmir?de bazı park-ihtiyaç gruplarının mahalle oranlarının ve park alan miktarlarının mekansal dağılımları arasında ters orantılı ilişki vardır. ?Parkzengini bölgelerdeki? parklar, park çevresi ve park içi faaliyet alanlarının niceliksel ve niteliksel özelliklerine bağlı olarak (iklim koşulları, konfor ve güvenlik sebepli) ve konut içi açık alanlara erişim sebebiyle az veya dikkatli kullanılmaktadır. Bu bölgelerde ağırlıkla park içine yönelik olumlu müdahaleler özellikle 55+ yaş grupları, bekar veya çocuklu kadınlar ve 14-22 yaş genç nüfusun park kullanımını arttıracaktırArticle Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 20Application of Space Syntax in Neighbourhood Park Research: an Investigation of Multiple Socio-Spatial Attributes of Park Use(Routledge, 2023) Can Traunmüller, Işın; İnce Keller, İrem; Şenol, FatmaThis case study investigates the actual park use as determined by the socio-spatial attributes of neighbourhoods and parks. As a contribution to the research about park accessibility, it integrates the space syntax analysis with the observation-based fieldwork data about the attributes of neighbourhoods, parks, and park users in 42 parks of 2 adjacent neighbourhoods in Izmir City (Turkey). With its syntactic measures (connectivity, integration, and choice), the study analysis describes the street configuration around these neighbourhood parks. Also, 3 multiple regression analyses are deployed to examine how the syntactic data along with the other neighbourhood and park attributes affect the number of users observed in 42 parks. The study contributes to the research about space syntax tools for analysing the organisational logic of parks in the neighbourhoods while also integrating other socio-spatial attributes of parks.Article Anaokullarının fiziksel ve sosyal erişilebilirlik ölçümü: Konak mahalleleri (İzmir) örneği(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, 2021) Sayın, Zeynep Melike; Altındaş, Gamze; Şenol, FatmaWhile preschool education contributes to children being more successful individuals with high quality of life in the continuation of their education life, it also emerges as an important factor in women's (mother’s) participation in the labor force. In this respect, preschool education is considered a social policy tool in our country and in the world. This study examines the accessibility of preschools to the neighborhoods in Konak District of İzmir Province in terms of physical and social accessibility at two geographical levels (district and neighborhood) and by using various tools of Geographic Information Systems. In the first stage, the Konak District scale, physical accessibility was evaluated with the geographical location and opportunities of preschools, age groups of the neighborhoods, educational-based features, and purchasing power, the general topographic slope of the area, and service areas of the preschools by network analysis. In the second stage of the study, the social and physical accessibility of preschools is evaluated in terms of educational and spatial opportunities offered by schools, monthly fees, cost of accessing schools by public transportation, and travel time. The study was concluded with evaluations and suggestions for the location of preschools in terms of physical and social accessibility.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 9Gendered Sense of Safety and Coping Strategies in Public Places: a Study in Atatürk Meydanı of Izmir(Emerald Group Publishing, 2022) Şenol, FatmaPurpose: A threatened sense of safety in public spaces is a problem for liveable communities. For better public policies, this study investigates multi-dimensional and multi-scalar aspects of gendered perceived safety and strategies by women and men in daily public spaces. Design/methodology/approach: A face-to-face survey with 40 men and 50 women in a public space (Izmir, Turkey) is deployed. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis compare participants' perceptions of and strategies for safety across the city, neighbourhood and the study site. Findings: Their experienced-based familiarities in public places increase women's perceived safety. As safety strategies, different place-based and gendered-preconditions appear for women and men going “outside” especially “alone” (i.e. unaccompanied). Reaffirming female vulnerability in public places, gendered preconditions include individuals' attributes. Of place-based preconditions, crowd and police are significant mechanisms for safety but emphasized differently by women and men. Housewives' female companionship in the study site develops a class- and gender-based claim for a safe place away from their underserved neighbourhood. Practical implications: Gendered- and place preconditions for women's safety can inform design policies about surveillance and permeability of public spaces. Lack of data about class-based differences about perceived safety is a limitation. Originality/value: Among a few, it takes perceived safety as performative acts with learned strategies across (rather than momentary perceptions in) socio-spatial spaces and provides a research framework that considers such acts with individual and spatial dimensions across multiple socio-spatial scales.Article Do Spatial Development Plans Provide Spatial Equity in Access To Public Parks: a Case With a Residential Area in Karabağlar and Buca (i̇zmir)(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2022) Öztürk, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, FatmaPublic parks' location is one of the major factors shaping their accessibility. Many natural and physical features (e.g., topography, stream ways, street network, traffic density, road junctions, and land uses) affect walking distances from dwellings to these loca- tions. Also, the cost of access (measured in time and meter) to these locations vary among age groups with different walk- ing capacities. Spatial plans in Turkey are the documents for de- termining and implementing the allocation of parks. However, plan-making practices have limitations in considering the park accessibility by walking among different groups of dwellers. This study considers the accessibility of public parks as an issue of spatial equity. It evaluates the park accessibility at a recent spatial plan about a residential area in Karabağlar and Buca Districts of İzmir. It aims to assess the allocations of planned parks and propose potential locations for new park areas. With a point- based approach to park accessibility, the study analysis performs the Location-Allocation (LA) Analysis with multiple criteria at Geographic Information Systems. The results show that at the plan, the specified residential area has spatial inequities with park accessibility. Among the other planned public service areas, some locations can be re-planned as new park areas, which partially im- proves spatial inequities at the plan. Also, the study is an example of how to prepare and run the data for the spatial analysis of allocations of public service areas with the help of GIS in TurkeyArticle Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 14Gis-Based Mappings of Park Accessibility at Multiple Spatial Scales: a Research Framework With the Case of Izmir (turkey)(Routledge, 2021) Şenol, Fatma; Atay Kaya, İlgiWith a concern of social needs in the redistribution of benefits of parks, recent research assesses park accessibility but usually at one spatial scale (e.g. city, neighbourhood, or park). As a case in Izmir (Turkey), this study explores how to develop research with a multi-scalar focus on park accessibility. It proposes a framework with the research stages deploying GIS-based tools. The first stage identifies park-rich, park-moderate and park-poor neighbourhoods. The second and third stages evolve in three park-rich neighbourhoods and at 112 local parks. All stages deal with preparing various socio-spatial data from online sources and field observations and assess the data according to a list of themes about accessibility and diversity. The results highlight that regardless of their high park coverages per person, park-rich neighbourhoods have multiple blocks, buildings, and parks with the features hindering park accessibility for some local groups with different walking capacities and needs. The GIS-based mappings of these features can provide decision-making tools about local parks and neighbourhood interventions.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Recent Nation Gardens and Historical Development of Public Green Spaces in Turkey;(Istanbul University Press, 2020) Uzun,I.K.; Şenol,F.; Uzun, İpek Kaştaş; Şenol, FatmaFocusing on contemporary Turkey's "nation gardens" and the state and governmental policies to build them, this study investigated the development processes and design features of these public green spaces with respect to those from past eras of Turkey (extending to Ottoman and pre-Ottoman history) and the development of public green spaces as the state's symbolic and spatial tools. The study relied on secondary sources about public green spaces from past eras of Turkey and also on the review of online news about "nation gardens" initiated after President Erdoǧan's announcement in May 2018. Our findings suggested that public green spaces in Turkey have played an important role in displaying the state's power nationally and internationally as well as to transfer the state's ideologies to people and thus, to build new identities of 'citizens.' Interestingly, in sharing these intentions of past policies for public green spaces, the recent introduction of nation gardens differs from those in the 19th and 20th century. Without any emphasis on modernization goals in the western-style, recent official talks described nation gardens as a way to raise Turkey and the government's reputation both nationally and internationally, while also referring to past eras but with other characteristics as the source of "traditions" extending to today. © 2020 The authors.Article Citation - WoS: 3Bicycle Route Infrastructure Planning Using Gis in an Urban Area: the Case of Izmir(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2020) Özkan, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, Fatma; Özçam, ZeynepAs a case study about İzmir (the third biggest metropolitan city in Turkey), this paper focuses on how to determine bicycle routes in already developed built environments of densely populated cities. To do so, it identifies how to deploy certain geographic information system (GIS) tools for analyzing multilayered spatial data not only at the city but also at the neighborhood level. When interrelating multiple characteristics of majorly topography, land use and population with each other, the study deploys mainly the overlay analysis and also network analysis as complementary to each other respectively at the city level and the neighborhood level. The results confirms that the use of these GIS tools for analyzing socio-spatial data especially at multiple spatial scales can support policy-makers’ decision-makings about route choices in the immediate future of their city even in a “data-poor” context,” such as Turkey.