City and Regional Planning / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4274
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Article Citation - Scopus: 1Contradicting Parochial Realms in Neighborhood Parks: How the Park Attributes Shape Women’s Park Use(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Kaştaş-uzun, İpek; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks are significant green public spaces located in close social and geographical proximity to homes to maintain individual and public health. However, some people do not use the nearest parks, but those with other socio- spatial attributes that make them feel more “familiar”. This study argues that with their facilities, amenities and design, and the surrounding land uses, neighborhood parks do not only accommodate, but also define, regulate, and originate social relations among users. Thus, the design and planning of urban public spaces play a role in the emergence and maintenance of supportive and conflictual relations that lead to familiarity. The study answers two research questions: How do the park attributes shape and mediate the interpersonal relations among the park users? How do gender differences influence the parochial realms in parks? Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with 33 female users of two neighborhood parks in a populous district of Izmir (Turkey). Results state that women’s park visits were related to their gendered roles and responsibilities. Yet their responses point to challenges emerging from physical and social attributes of parks and park surroundings which lead to negotiations to protect their individual or group’s privacy (parochial realm) in neighborhood parks. Mainly, perceived threats to women’s parochial realm are men unaccompanied by child(ren), and exposure to the male gaze. The study highlights the importance of investigating these attributes of neighborhood parks for developing research and public policies to improve women’s presence and perceived safety in public settings.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 4An Urban Plan Evaluation for Park Accessibility: a Case in Izmir (turkiye)(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd., 2023) Şenol, Fatma; Öztürk, Sevim Pelin; Atay Kaya, İlgiPlan evaluations about park accessibility are rare at the neighbourhood scale. Moreover, urban plans traditionally identify park accessibility with predetermined measurements that may ignore limited walking conditions of children, the elderly, women with children, and low-income groups. Alternatively, this paper considers equitable (rather than equal) park accessibility as an important goal concerning environmental justice. To guide a path to achieving this goal, it investigates how to assess and revise urban plans with parks within walking distance to social groups in the case of a plan (1/1000 scale) in Izmir (Turkiye). Deployment of the location-allocation analysis (a multi-criteria assessment methodology in Geographic Information Systems, GIS) allows this research to consider physical/geographical barriers to walkability in actual neighbourhood settings and reconfigure such barriers as contextual variables, including limited walking distances of disadvantaged groups. Ultimately, this study also contributes to how to handle spatial and demographic data deficiencies in Turkiye when measuring equitable accessibility of public facilities by walking. Results identify an uneven distribution of park accessibility even within the neighbourhood on the plan and the potential for improving park accessibility by designing some non-park public lands with park features.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 20Application of Space Syntax in Neighbourhood Park Research: an Investigation of Multiple Socio-Spatial Attributes of Park Use(Routledge, 2023) Can Traunmüller, Işın; İnce Keller, İrem; Şenol, FatmaThis case study investigates the actual park use as determined by the socio-spatial attributes of neighbourhoods and parks. As a contribution to the research about park accessibility, it integrates the space syntax analysis with the observation-based fieldwork data about the attributes of neighbourhoods, parks, and park users in 42 parks of 2 adjacent neighbourhoods in Izmir City (Turkey). With its syntactic measures (connectivity, integration, and choice), the study analysis describes the street configuration around these neighbourhood parks. Also, 3 multiple regression analyses are deployed to examine how the syntactic data along with the other neighbourhood and park attributes affect the number of users observed in 42 parks. The study contributes to the research about space syntax tools for analysing the organisational logic of parks in the neighbourhoods while also integrating other socio-spatial attributes of parks.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 9Gendered Sense of Safety and Coping Strategies in Public Places: a Study in Atatürk Meydanı of Izmir(Emerald Group Publishing, 2022) Şenol, FatmaPurpose: A threatened sense of safety in public spaces is a problem for liveable communities. For better public policies, this study investigates multi-dimensional and multi-scalar aspects of gendered perceived safety and strategies by women and men in daily public spaces. Design/methodology/approach: A face-to-face survey with 40 men and 50 women in a public space (Izmir, Turkey) is deployed. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis compare participants' perceptions of and strategies for safety across the city, neighbourhood and the study site. Findings: Their experienced-based familiarities in public places increase women's perceived safety. As safety strategies, different place-based and gendered-preconditions appear for women and men going “outside” especially “alone” (i.e. unaccompanied). Reaffirming female vulnerability in public places, gendered preconditions include individuals' attributes. Of place-based preconditions, crowd and police are significant mechanisms for safety but emphasized differently by women and men. Housewives' female companionship in the study site develops a class- and gender-based claim for a safe place away from their underserved neighbourhood. Practical implications: Gendered- and place preconditions for women's safety can inform design policies about surveillance and permeability of public spaces. Lack of data about class-based differences about perceived safety is a limitation. Originality/value: Among a few, it takes perceived safety as performative acts with learned strategies across (rather than momentary perceptions in) socio-spatial spaces and provides a research framework that considers such acts with individual and spatial dimensions across multiple socio-spatial scales.Article Do Spatial Development Plans Provide Spatial Equity in Access To Public Parks: a Case With a Residential Area in Karabağlar and Buca (i̇zmir)(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2022) Öztürk, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, FatmaPublic parks' location is one of the major factors shaping their accessibility. Many natural and physical features (e.g., topography, stream ways, street network, traffic density, road junctions, and land uses) affect walking distances from dwellings to these loca- tions. Also, the cost of access (measured in time and meter) to these locations vary among age groups with different walk- ing capacities. Spatial plans in Turkey are the documents for de- termining and implementing the allocation of parks. However, plan-making practices have limitations in considering the park accessibility by walking among different groups of dwellers. This study considers the accessibility of public parks as an issue of spatial equity. It evaluates the park accessibility at a recent spatial plan about a residential area in Karabağlar and Buca Districts of İzmir. It aims to assess the allocations of planned parks and propose potential locations for new park areas. With a point- based approach to park accessibility, the study analysis performs the Location-Allocation (LA) Analysis with multiple criteria at Geographic Information Systems. The results show that at the plan, the specified residential area has spatial inequities with park accessibility. Among the other planned public service areas, some locations can be re-planned as new park areas, which partially im- proves spatial inequities at the plan. Also, the study is an example of how to prepare and run the data for the spatial analysis of allocations of public service areas with the help of GIS in TurkeyArticle Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 14Gis-Based Mappings of Park Accessibility at Multiple Spatial Scales: a Research Framework With the Case of Izmir (turkey)(Routledge, 2021) Şenol, Fatma; Atay Kaya, İlgiWith a concern of social needs in the redistribution of benefits of parks, recent research assesses park accessibility but usually at one spatial scale (e.g. city, neighbourhood, or park). As a case in Izmir (Turkey), this study explores how to develop research with a multi-scalar focus on park accessibility. It proposes a framework with the research stages deploying GIS-based tools. The first stage identifies park-rich, park-moderate and park-poor neighbourhoods. The second and third stages evolve in three park-rich neighbourhoods and at 112 local parks. All stages deal with preparing various socio-spatial data from online sources and field observations and assess the data according to a list of themes about accessibility and diversity. The results highlight that regardless of their high park coverages per person, park-rich neighbourhoods have multiple blocks, buildings, and parks with the features hindering park accessibility for some local groups with different walking capacities and needs. The GIS-based mappings of these features can provide decision-making tools about local parks and neighbourhood interventions.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Recent Nation Gardens and Historical Development of Public Green Spaces in Turkey;(Istanbul University Press, 2020) Uzun,I.K.; Şenol,F.; Uzun, İpek Kaştaş; Şenol, FatmaFocusing on contemporary Turkey's "nation gardens" and the state and governmental policies to build them, this study investigated the development processes and design features of these public green spaces with respect to those from past eras of Turkey (extending to Ottoman and pre-Ottoman history) and the development of public green spaces as the state's symbolic and spatial tools. The study relied on secondary sources about public green spaces from past eras of Turkey and also on the review of online news about "nation gardens" initiated after President Erdoǧan's announcement in May 2018. Our findings suggested that public green spaces in Turkey have played an important role in displaying the state's power nationally and internationally as well as to transfer the state's ideologies to people and thus, to build new identities of 'citizens.' Interestingly, in sharing these intentions of past policies for public green spaces, the recent introduction of nation gardens differs from those in the 19th and 20th century. Without any emphasis on modernization goals in the western-style, recent official talks described nation gardens as a way to raise Turkey and the government's reputation both nationally and internationally, while also referring to past eras but with other characteristics as the source of "traditions" extending to today. © 2020 The authors.Article Citation - WoS: 3Bicycle Route Infrastructure Planning Using Gis in an Urban Area: the Case of Izmir(TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası, 2020) Özkan, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, Fatma; Özçam, ZeynepAs a case study about İzmir (the third biggest metropolitan city in Turkey), this paper focuses on how to determine bicycle routes in already developed built environments of densely populated cities. To do so, it identifies how to deploy certain geographic information system (GIS) tools for analyzing multilayered spatial data not only at the city but also at the neighborhood level. When interrelating multiple characteristics of majorly topography, land use and population with each other, the study deploys mainly the overlay analysis and also network analysis as complementary to each other respectively at the city level and the neighborhood level. The results confirms that the use of these GIS tools for analyzing socio-spatial data especially at multiple spatial scales can support policy-makers’ decision-makings about route choices in the immediate future of their city even in a “data-poor” context,” such as Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Elected Neighbourhood Officers in a Turkish City (izmir): Gendered Local Participation in Governance(SAGE Publications Inc., 2013) Şenol, FatmaElected Neighbourhood Officers in a Turkish City (Izmir): Gendered Local Participation in Governance By: Senol, Fatma URBAN STUDIES Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Pages: 977-993 Published: APR 2013 Context Sensitive Links Full Text from Publisher Close AbstractClose Abstract This paper explores how gender differences and the local scale influence individuals' conditions (i.e. motivations/issues, resources and styles) for inclusion in formal politics as electoral candidates and then as officers. The experiences of women and men muhtars-elected resident-officers of neighbourhoods-in Izmir (Turkey) in 2008 provided the data. It appeared that political participation via neighbourhood offices is shaped by (in)formal mechanisms of power relations that have been historically male-dominated with patriarchal rule(r)s at the neighbourhood level and with clientelist and statist ones at multiple scales. Men were supported greatly by their gendered neighbourhood-based networks. Women with male backing, including of incumbent muhtars, had better chances. All of the muhtars aimed at guiding residents through the governmental system, experiencing that the centralised state undermined muhtars' representative roles. By following certain tactics a few, mostly women, muhtars were persistent enough to participate in the governmental system that operated through patron-client relationships.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Women Running for Neighborhood Offices in a Turkish City: Motivations and Resources for Electoral Candidacy(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Şenol, FatmaThis study is about how gender and local urban scales interact with each other to influence individuals' motivations and resources for political recruitment. The data came from interviews with twenty women who ran for and lost the 2004 local elections for their neighborhood office, muhtarlik, in Eskisehir, Turkey. Considering both individual and institutional factors and the neighborhood scale as important for women's candidacy for local offices, this paper relies on a "relational" view of citizenship while examining the mediating roles of the local scale for citizenship. My findings overall disagreed with the arguments that "women's interests" drive women to enter politics and that the local offices provide more opportunities for women's political recruitment. As women's roles and responsibilities had been changing across multiple spaces, they ran for elections to search for ways to practice their capacities in public arenas. Yet to the electorates, first, even women with high qualities for the office did not appear as the most qualified candidates. Second, most electorates tended to evaluate candidacy qualities in relation to the neighborhood office's weak status in Turkish political system and as an unskilled job. Third, they seemed to associate this "job" positively with men's traditional domestic role as the main breadwinner, consider women's charity and communal works as women's traditional care responsibilities, and to vote mostly for over-middle-aged male incumbents with locally embedded relations. Finally, women missed an opportunity for their candidacy by not transforming their local network-based assets into resources for candidacy.