Mechanical Engineering / Makina Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4129
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Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 12High Strain-Rate Deformation Analysis of Open-Cell Aluminium Foam(Elsevier, 2023) Mauko, Anja; Duarte, Isabel; Borovinšek, Matej; Vesenjak, Matej; Ren, Zoran; Sarıkaya, Mustafa; Güden, MustafaThis study investigated the high-strain rate mechanical properties of open-cell aluminium foam M-pore®. While previous research has examined the response of this type of foam under quasi-static and transitional dynamic loading conditions, there is a lack of knowledge about its behaviour under higher strain rates (transitional and shock loading regimes). To address this gap in understanding, cylindrical open-cell foam specimens were tested using a modified Direct Impact Hopkinson Bar (DIHB) apparatus over a wide range of strain rates, up to 93 m/s. The results showed a strong dependency of the foam's behaviour on the loading rate, with increased plateau stress and changes in deformation front formation and propagation at higher strain rates. The internal structure of the specimens was examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography (mCT). The mCT images were used to build simplified 3D numerical models of analysed aluminium foam specimens that were used in computational simulations of their behaviour under all experimentally tested loading regimes using LS-DYNA software. The overall agreement between the experimental and computational results was good enough to validate the built numerical models capable of correctly simulating the mechanical response of analysed aluminium foam at different loading rates. © 2023 The AuthorsArticle Citation - WoS: 39Citation - Scopus: 40Impact Loading of Functionally Graded Metal Syntactic Foams(Elsevier, 2022) Movahedi, Nima; Fiedler, Thomas; Taşdemirci, Alper; Murch, Graeme E.; Belova, Irina V.; Güden, MustafaThe present study addresses the impact loading of functionally graded metal syntactic foams (FG-MSF). For comparison, samples of the same material were also compression loaded at quasi-static velocities. Samples of A356 aluminium FG-MSF were produced using counter-gravity infiltration casting with combination of equal-sized layers of expanded perlite (EP) and activated carbon (AC) particles. A modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test set-up was used to impact the FG-MSFs from their EP or AC layers at 55 m/s or 175 m/s impact velocities. A high-speed camera captured the deformation of the samples during testing. It was shown that increasing the loading velocity enhanced both the compressive proof strength and energy absorption of the impacted FG-MSF from both layers, confirming a dynamic strengthening effect of the foam. The samples impacted from both layers at 55 and 175 m/s showed a transition and a shock mode of deformation, respectively. The impacted samples at 55 m/s experienced lower final average strain values compared to 175 m/s.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 34The Strain Rate Sensitive Flow Stresses and Constitutive Equations of a Selective-Laser and an Annealed-Rolled 316l Stainless Steel: a Comparative Study(Elsevier, 2022) Güden, Mustafa; Enser, Samed; Bayhan, Mesut; Taşdemirci, Alper; Yavaş, HakanThe strain rate dependent compressive flow stresses of a Selective-Laser-Melt 316L (SLM-316L) alloy and a commercial (annealed-extruded) 316L (C-316L) alloy were determined, for comparison, between 1x10-4 and ∼2500 s-1 and between 1x10-4 and ∼2800 s-1, respectively. The Johnson and Cook flow stress material model parameters of both alloys were also determined. The microstructural examinations of the deformed cross-sections of tested specimens (interrupted tests) showed a twinning-induced-plasticity in SLM-316L alloy and a martensitic transformation-induced-plasticity in C-316L alloy. Twin and martensite formations were detected microscopically higher in the dynamically tested specimens until about 0.22 strain, while the twin and martensite formations decreased at increasing strains due to adiabatic heating. The rate sensitivity of SLM-316L was determined slightly higher than that of C-316L within the quasi-static strain rate range (1x10-4 and 1x10-2 s-1), while the rate sensitivities of both alloys were similar in the quasi-static-high strain rate range (1x10-4 and ∼2500-2800 s-1) at low strains. A more rapid decrease in the rate sensitivity of C-316L at increasing strains was found in the quasi-static-high strain rate range. The similar activation volumes of both alloys, corresponding to the dislocation intersections, indicated a similar thermally activated deformation process involvement in both alloys.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12Testing and Modeling Blast Loading of a Sandwich Structure Cored With a Bio-Inspired (balanus) Core(Elsevier, 2022) Tüzgel, Fırat; Akbulut, Emine Fulya; Güzel, Erkan; Yücesoy, Atacan; Şahin, Selim; Taşdemirci, Alper; Güden, MustafaThe blast loading response of a sandwich structure consisted of bio-inspired (balanus) cores/units was investigated experimentally and numerically. A Direct Pressure Pulse (DPP) set-up was used to impose a blast-like loading. The equivalent blast conditions corresponding to the used impact velocities were implemented in the models. A benchmark study was performed by using three different methods namely pure Lagrangian, Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian, and hybrid. Dynamic crushing behavior was analyzed and exhibited a higher specific energy absorption capacity than its constituents (core and shell). Among the core configurations, all-front configuration was found the most efficient configuration regarding the specific energy absorption.Article Citation - WoS: 54Citation - Scopus: 59Orientation Dependent Tensile Properties of a Selective-Laser 316l Stainless Steel(Elsevier, 2021) Güden, Mustafa; Yavaş, Hakan; Tanrıkulu, Ahmet Alptuğ; Taşdemirci, Alper; Akın, Barış; Enser, Samed; Karakuş, Ayberk; Arslan Hamat, BurcuThe effect of specimen inclination angle with respect to building direction on the tensile properties of a selective laser melt 316L alloy was investigated. Tensile test specimens were fabricated with the angles between 0 degrees to 90 degrees at 15 degrees intervals using a rotation scanning. In addition, 316L alloy test specimens were generated in the ANSYS 2020R1 additive module and tensile tested in LS-DYNA in order to determine the effect of residual stresses on the tensile strengths. The microscopic analysis revealed a strong < 110 > fiber texture orientation along the building direction (the loading axis of 0 degrees inclined specimens) and a weak 111 texture or nearly random distribution of directions in the normal to the building direction (tensile loading axis of 90 degrees inclined specimens). The yield and tensile strength increased and ductility decreased with increasing inclination angle. The strength variation with the inclination angle was shown well-fitted with the Tsai-Hill failure criterion. Although, the used numerical models indicated an inclination-dependent residual stress, the difference in the residual stresses was much lower than the difference in the strengths between 0 degrees and 90 degrees inclined specimens. Predictions showed a lower twinning stress in 0 degrees inclined specimens due to < 110 > fiber texture orientation in the tensile axis. The fiber texture resulted in extensive twinning; hence, higher ductility and tension-compression asymmetry in 0 degrees inclined specimens. Based on these results, the variations in the strength and ductility of tested SLM-316L specimens with the inclination angle was ascribed to the variations in the angle between the fiber texture orientation and loading axis.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 24Determination of the Material Model and Damage Parameters of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Laminated Epoxy Composite for High Strain Rate Planar Compression(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Shi, C.; Guo, B.; Sarıkaya, Mustafa; Çelik, Muhammet; Chen, P.; Güden, MustafaThe progressive failure of a 0°/90° laminated carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite was modeled in LS-DYNA using the MAT_162 material model, including the strain rate, damage progression and anisotropy effects. In addition to conventional standard and non-standard tests, double-shear and Brazilian tests were applied to determine the through-thickness shear modulus and the through-thickness tensile strength of the composite, respectively. The modulus reduction and strain softening for shear and delamination parameters were calibrated by low velocity drop-weight impact tests. The rate sensitivities of the modulus and strength of in-plane and through-thickness direction were determined by the compression tests at quasi-static and high strain rates. The fidelity of the determined model parameters was finally verified in the in-plane and through-thickness direction by the 3D numerical models of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar compression tests. The numerical bar stresses and damage progressions modes showed acceptable correlations with those of the experiments in both directions. The composite failed both numerically and experimentally by the fiber buckling induced fiber-matrix axial splitting in the in-plane and the matrix shear fracture in the through-thickness direction. © 2020Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6The Expansion Behavior of Slurries Containing Recycled Glass Powder Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Lime and Aluminum Powder(Elsevier, 2020) Zeren, Doğuş; Şentürk, Ufuk; Güden, MustafaThe rheology and foaming/expansion of the slurries of a waste/recycled glass powder with 50, 55 and 60 wt% of solid (glass powder) were experimentally investigated. The glass powder slurries were foamed using aluminum powder as foaming agent (0.75 wt%) and calcium hydroxide as activator (1 wt%). Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the slurries as a binder with the amounts between 0 and 4 wt%. The expansions of the slurries were measured in-situ using a laser sensor and reported as percent volume expansion. The CMC-addition increased the viscosities of the slurries, particularly the fine size powder slurries. The slurries with the relatively low-viscosity exhibited lower initial expansion rates compared to the slurries with the relatively high-viscosity. The maximum expansions of the slurries increased from 300 to 350%, when the viscosity increased to 5 Pa s and reached a steady value around 400% between 5 and 50 Pa s. The expansions of the slurries could not be achieved above 50 Pa s since they became too thick to be foamed. The foam samples made from the slurries with 55 and 60 wt% of solid and sintered at 700 and 750 degrees C for 30 min had the average densities between 355 and 530 kg m(-3) and the average compressive strengths between 0.2 and 0.5 MPa. Increasing sintering time to 60 min at 750 degrees C increased the average compressive strength from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa for the foam samples made from the slurry with 60 wt% of solid. These proved that both sintering temperature and time were effective in increasing the compressive strengths of the foamed structures. The thermal conductivities of the sintered foam samples with the densities of 355 and 504 kg m(-3) were measured 0.042 and 0.057 W m(-1) K-1, respectively. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 21Dynamic Crushing Behavior of a Multilayer Thin-Walled Aluminum Corrugated Core: the Effect of Velocity and Imperfection(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Sarıyaka, Mustafa; Taşdemirci, Alper; Güden, MustafaThe crushing behavior of a multilayer 1050 H14 aluminum corrugated core was investigated both experimentally and numerically (LS-Dyna) using the perfect and imperfect models between 0.0048 and 90 m s−1. The dynamic compression and direct impact tests were performed in a compression type and a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar set-up, respectively. The investigated fully imperfect model of the corrugated core sample represented the homogenous distribution of imperfection, while the two-layer imperfect model the localized imperfection. The corrugated core experimentally deformed by a quasi-static homogenous mode between 0.0048 and 22 m s−1, a transition mode between 22 and 60 m s−1 and a shock mode at 90 m s−1. Numerical results have shown that the stress-time profile and the layer crushing mode of the homogeneous and transition mode were well predicted by the two-layer imperfect model, while the stress-time profile and the layer crushing mode were well approximated by the fully imperfect model. The fully imperfect model resulted in complete sequential layer crushing at 75 and 90 m s−1, respectively. The imperfect layers in the shock mode only affected the distal end stresses, while all models implemented resulted in similar impact end stresses. The distal end initial crushing stress increased with increasing velocity until about 22 m s−1; thereafter, it saturated at ~2 MPa, which was ascribed to the micro inertial effect. Both the stress-time and velocity-time history of the rigid-perfectly-plastic-locking model and the critical velocity for the shock deformation were well predicted when a dynamic plateau stress determined from the distal end stresses in the shock mode was used in the calculations.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 28Crushing Behavior and Energy Absorption Performance of a Bio-Inspired Metallic Structure: Experimental and Numerical Study(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Taşdemirci, Alper; Akbulut, Emine Fulya; Güzel, Erkan; Tüzgel, Fırat; Yücesoy, Atacan; Şahin, Selim; Güden, MustafaA thin-walled structure inspired from a biologic creature known as balanus was investigated experimentally and numerically under quasi-static and dynamic loads for load-carrying and energy absorption properties. The structure was composed of an inner conical core with a hemispherical cap and an outer shell in frusto-conical shape and formed by deep drawing. The applied deep drawing process was modelled using nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA to determine the residual stress/strain and the non-linear thickness distribution after the forming process. It was also shown that the load carried by the balanus structure was greater than the arithmetic sum of the load carried by the inner core and by the outer shell separately. Although the mean force increase due to interaction effect at quasi-static strain rate was approximately 5%, while it increased to roughly 26% at dynamic strain rates in drop weight experiments. The numerical models also showed that the outer shell absorbed more energy than the inner core while the difference between the energy absorbing performance of the core and shell decreased with increasing deformation rate. The effect of strain rate and inertia on the increase in crush load increased with increasing impact velocity, while the strain rate effect had greater influence than the inertia on the crush load. The increased load carrying capacity of the balanus at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates was ascribed to the interaction between the core and shell and the confinement effect of the outer shell particularly at dynamic strain rate.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6The Varying Densification Strain in a Multi-Layer Aluminum Corrugate Structure: Direct Impact Testing and Layer-Wise Numerical Modelling(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Odacı, İsmet Kutlay; Güden, Mustafa; Kılıçaslan, Cenk; Taşdemirci, AlperAn aluminum (1050 H14) multi-layer corrugated structure composed of brazed 16 trapezoidal zig-zig fin layers was direct impact tested above the critical velocities for shock formation using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The experimentally measured stress-time histories of the cylindrical test samples in the direct impact tests were verified with the simulations implemented in the explicit finite element code of LS–DYNA. The quasi-static experimental and simulation deformation of the corrugated samples proceeded with the discrete, non-contiguous bands of crushed fin layers, while the dynamic crushing started from the proximal impact end and proceeded with a sequential and in-planar manner, showing shock type deformation characteristic. The experimental and numerical crushing stresses and the numerically determined densification strains of the fin layers increased with increasing impact velocity above the critical velocities. When the numerically determined densification strain at a specific velocity above the critical velocities was incorporated, the rigid-perfectly-plastic-locking idealized model resulted in peak stresses similar to the experimental and simulation mean crushing stresses. However, the model underestimated the experimental and simulation peak stresses below 200 m s−1. It was proposed, while the micro inertial effects were responsible for the increase of the crushing stresses at and below subcritical velocities, the shock deformation became dominant above the critical velocities.