Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Sleep Quality: Design of Bedroom Ventilation and Evaluation Within the Scope of Current Standards(Elsevier Science Sa, 2025) Cobanoglu, Nur; Karadeniz, Ziya Haktan; Sofuoglu, Sait Cemil; Toksoy, MacitIndoor air pollution is one of the leading environmental risks to public health considering people now spending nearly 90 % of their day in indoor environments. A significant portion of this time indoors is devoted to sleeping, making it crucial to address the impact of indoor environmental conditions on sleep quality. International ventilation standards such as ASHRAE and CEN, as well as country-specific guidelines, offer valuable recommendations for ventilation design in residential buildings, including bedrooms. This study aims to evaluate the importance of determining ventilation rates in sleeping spaces using Indoor Air Quality Procedure (IAQP) compared to Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) in accordance with current standards. Here, the IAQP approach for determining air flow rate is based on the CO2 balance by maintaining CO2 levels in any sleeping environment below specified upper limits of 750 ppm and 1000 ppm. This study focused on the adult population, which forms the majority of society, with analyses conducted for both single and double occupancy sleeping conditions. The volume of environment where ventilation is not required during sleep (Vf) is inaccessible in conventional sleeping environments (10-21.6 m3 per person). Therefore, proper ventilation is of great importance for any sleeping space that is smaller than the Vf. The results of the analyses show that for the conventional sleeping volumes, CO2 levels reach 750 ppm (upper limit for comfortable sleep) in the first hour and increase to the disturbed sleep zone in about 2 h. Additionally, a chart outlining the necessary ventilation flow rates is suggested for maintaining maximum CO2 concentrations of 750 and 1000 ppm during different sleep durations and in various sleeping environments with varying volumes. Finally, the ventilation rates determined based on unit area and/or occupancy levels in standards (referred to as VRP) may not always be adequate or may be excessive in order to maintain CO2 concentrations below the recommended limits of 750 and 1000 ppm. It is advised to utilize demand-controlled ventilation by considering the system design as recommended by IAQP.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 21Integration of Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems in Historic Buildings—review and Proposal of a Systematic Intervention Approach(MDPI, 2021) Rieser, Alexander; Pfluger, Rainer; Troi, Alexandra; Herrera-Avellanosa, Daniel; Thomsen, Kirsten Engelund; Rose, Jorgen; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden; Kopeinig, Gerhard; Guyot, GaëlleHistoric building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Energy-efficient ventilation such as demand-controlled ventilation and heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the aforementioned goals, if ventilation concepts and airflow distribution are planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular, if internal insulation is applied, dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building's cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task. For this reason, there is a need for a scientifically valid, systematic approach to pair appropriate ventilation system and airflow distribution solutions with historical buildings. This paper provides an overview of the interrelationships between heritage conservation and the need for ventilation in energy-efficient buildings, regarding building physics and indoor environmental quality. Furthermore, a systematic approach based on assessment criteria in terms of heritage significance of the building, building physics (hygrothermal performance), and building services (energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and comfort rating) according to the standard EN 16883:2017 are applied.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7Bleach-Containing Automatic Toilet-Bowl Cleaners as Sources of Vocs, Associated Indoor Air Concentrations and Carcinogenic Risk(Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research (TUNCAP), 2020) Ayrı, İlknur; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Gaygısız, Handan; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilHousehold cleaning products are sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Bleach containing products are a special case because reactions occur between chloride and their organic content such as surfactants, perfumes, etc., generating VOCs. This study aimed to determine concentration of 13 VOCs in bleach-containing automatic toilet cleaners, to estimate their indoor air concentrations and associated exposure and health risk levels. Experiments with products purchased from supermarkets were conducted in 20-mL headspace vials by placing 1 g of sample with and without water. Solid-phase micro extraction with a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber assembly was used for adsorption of VOCs from the headspace, and analyzed using a GC-MS. The median carbon tetrachloride and chloroform concentrations of the studied products ranged from 5.03 × 10?3 to 2.37 × 10?2 ?g/g and 2.53 × 10?2 to 2.37 ?g/g, respectively. The modeled 95th percentile indoor air concentrations in a 1.6 m3 bathroom with no ventilation were estimated to be 1 and 20 ?g/m3 for carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, respectively. The 95th percentile carcinogenic risk associated even with the use of the highest content product, 3.72 × 10?7 and 8.62 × 10?7 for carbon tetrachloride and chloroform respectively, were below the acceptable risk. In conclusion, automatic toilet-bowl cleaners were found to be sources of VOCs, but their emission potentials are not high to cause considerable indoor air concentrations over their suggested product lifetime. In turn, carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure are below the de Minimis risk level of 10?6. © 2020