Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Department: search.filters.department.Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Environmental EngineeringPublisher: search.filters.publisher.01. Izmir Institute of Technology

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  • Master Thesis
    Risk Assessment for Children's Exposure to Trace Elements Via Dust
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2025) Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering
    Çocuklar, ev, çocuk parkı ve sokak tozu ve toprağın diyet dışı sindirimi ve solunması yoluyla iç ve dış mekanlarda eser elementlere maruz kalabilirler. Bu maruziyet yolları, elllerini ağızlarına götürmeleri nedeniyle kritik olabilir. Bu çalışma, literatürden ölçülen seviyeleri derleyerek Türkiye genelinde toprak ve tozdaki eser element konsantrasyonlarını ve Türk çocuklarında maruziyeti ve ilişkili kanser ve kronik toksik riskleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Türkiye genelinde 20 yerde toplam 43 çalışmada 14 element düzeyleri bildirilmiştir. Maruziyet senaryoları (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, ve 95th yüzdelikler) oluşturularak ilişkili riskler hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama sindirim kronik toksik riski çocuk parkı tozunda sırasıyla Cd, Co, Cr (VI) için 4,3, 2,8 ve 2,1; toprakta Cd, Ni ve Sb için 5,2, 1,4 ve 1,2; sokak tozunda Co, As, Cd ve Mn için 7,3, 5,9, 2,3 ve 1,1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama sindirim As, Cr (VI), Pb kanser riski toprak ve sokak tozu için sırasıyla 1.4×10-5, 3.6×10-6, 1.1×10-6 ve 1.5×10-4, 2.8×10-6, 9.5×10-7 olarak bulunurken çocuk parkı tozu için 10-6 ile 10-7 arasında kalmıştır. Eşik değer olan '1'in iki katından yüksek kronik toksik riskler ve >1.0×10-5 olan kanser riskleri dikkate alınması gereken düzeyler olup Türk çocukları için toprak/toza maruziyetin önemli olduğunu göstermektedir.
  • Master Thesis
    Bioremediation of Sediments Contaminated by Persistent Organic Pollutants: an In-Silico Approach
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Demirtepe, Hale; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Demirtepe, Hale; Ökten, Hatice Eser; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Bromlu alev geciktiriciler arasında en yaygın kullanılanlardan biri olan polibromlu difenil eterler (PBDE), çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi riskler oluşturan kalıcı organik kirleticiler olarak bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, bozunma süreçleri ile çevresel ortamlardan giderilmeleri gerekmektedir. Fakat, karmaşık çevresel ortamlarda bozunmanın ilerleyişini takip etmek zordur. Bu sebeple, PBDE'lerin bozunma süreçlerini anlamak ve etkili iyileştirme yöntemleri geliştirmek için modelleme çalışmaları gereklidir. Bu çalışma, PBDE'lerin sedimanlardaki anaerobik dehalojenasyonunu modellemek ve iyileştirme senaryoları altında bozunma yollarını ve bozunma hızlarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, doğal giderim, biyostimulasyon ve biyoogmentasyon senaryolarını taklit eden bir mikrokozm çalışmasının deneysel verileri kullanılmıştır. Daha önce geliştirilmiş olan anaerobik dehalojenasyon modeli (ADM), geliştirilip entegre edilerek 'ADM-IE' adı verilen yeni bir model oluşturulmuştur. ADM-IE, PBDE bozunması için tüm olası dehalojenasyon yollarını listeleme, bu yolların reaksiyon miktarlarını belirleme, ölçülen bileşikler için bozunma hız sabitlerini hesaplama ve ölçülmeyen bileşikler için makine öğrenimi algoritmalarıyla hız sabitlerini tahmin etme yeteneklerine sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, modelin yüksek konsantrasyonlu bileşikler için daha başarılı tahminler yaptığını, ancak düşük konsantrasyonlu bileşikler için tahmin doğruluğunun daha düşük olduğunu gösterilmiştir. Brom atomlarının pozisyonlarının dehalojenasyon yollarında kritik bir rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. İyileştirme senaryoları arasında, biyoogmentasyon genellikle en yüksek bozunma hızlarını sağlarken, bazı durumlarda biyostimulasyon daha yüksek hızlar göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, belirli reaksiyonlar toksik ürünlerin oluşumunu desteklemiştir, bu da biyostimulasyon uygulamasında dikkatli olunması gerektiğini vurgulamıştır. Model, iyileştirme stratejilerinin optimize edilmesi ve daha az zararlı ürünlerin elde edilmesi için bir analiz çerçevesi sunmaktadır.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of Phosphate Recovery From Anaerobic Digestate
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Özkan, Altan; Bayrakdar, Alper; Bayrakdar, Alper; Özkan, Altan; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Fosfat, tarım sektöründe nutrient kaynağı olarak yaygın olarak kullanılan nadir ve yenilenemeyen bir kaynaktır. Fosfatın büyük çoğunluğu madencilik faaliyetlerinden elde edilir. Bunlar göz önüne alındığında, sıvı atıklardan fosforun geri dönüşümü, alternatif ve sürdürülebilir bir kaynak olarak görülebilir. Organik atıkların anaerobik çürütülmesi, fermente ürün adı verilen fosfor açısından zengin bir atık üretir. Bu çalışmanın amacı bu fosfat geri kazanımı potansiyelini incelemektir. Bunun için adsorpsiyon yöntemi ve strüvit çöktürme yöntemi araştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon potansiyelleri göz önüne alınarak iki farklı atık maddeden ZnCI2-FeCl3.6H2O ile modifiye biyokömür üretilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı testler, Mısır Koçanı Biyoçarının (Fe-BC-C) 33 mg/g fosfat adsorpsiyon kapasitesine ulaşırken, Atık Anason Biyoçarının (Fe-BC-A) 41 mg/g'a ulaştığını göstermiştir. Biyoçarlar ile P salınımı ve kontrol deneylerinde her iki biyoçarın da ortama fosfor saldığı ve düşük adsorpsiyon potansiyeline sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum, fosfor geri kazanımı için modifikasyon sürecinin önemini göstermiştir. Strüvit çökelmesi laboratuvar ölçekli kolonda ve pilot ölçekli kolonda MgCl2.6H2O ilavesiyle araştırılmıştır. Her iki sistemde de %80'den fazla fosfor geri kazanımı gözlemlenmiştir. Fosfat giderimini etkileyen parametreler pH, Mg/P molar oranı, yukarı akış hızı, reaktör tipi ve sürekli besleme olarak belirlenmiştir.
  • Master Thesis
    Industrial Symbiosis Model as a Tool of Circular Economy Supported by Lca: a Case Study of Adana Organized Industrial Zone
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    This thesis aims to develop an industrial symbiosis model for 24 facilities located in the Adana Organized Industrial Zone (AOSB). Within the framework of the European Union Green Deal (EU Green Deal) and the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, which emphasize the global importance of the circular economy (CE) model, this thesis focuses on all aspects of industrial symbiosis to transform organized industrial zones into eco-industrial parks and promote greener and more sustainable production. All facilities have been coded with NACE codes, and potential symbiosis alternatives between them and within in-factory processes have been examined. Potential matches have been identified and evaluated based on criteria such as environmental gains, emission reductions, and decreases in electricity, natural gas, and waste production that could be achieved through symbiosis. Value stream maps have been prepared for all facilities, and tables summarizing production and consumption processes have been created. Potential matches with other facilities have been identified, and a visual network was created through network analysis. Life cycle analyses (LCA) were conducted for two facilities, assessing the potential benefits of symbiosis through LCA. Subsequently, environmental benefits of symbiosis were calculated using emission factors. This study reveals that, as a result of possible industrial symbiosis scenarios, an industrial symbiosis system formed by the companies subject to the thesis could potentially achieve approximately 120,000 tCO2 emission savings and 15,000 MWh electricity savings annually. This study will contribute to future industrial symbiosis efforts in the transformation process of an organized industrial zone into an eco-industrial park.
  • Master Thesis
    Kinetics of Silica Polymerization at Various Conditions
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Baba, Alper; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Baba, Alper; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Silica is the most abundant element on Earth because the Earth's crust is composed mainly of metal silicates. The source of this silica is mainly volcanic rocks, which come to the surface through tectonic activity and are the primary source of heat for geothermal activity. The silica concentration in a geothermal fluid is higher than the solubility limit of natural waters, so scaling of (metal) silicates is often observed in geothermal operations. This situation has become critical for geothermal power plants. Since silicates have an insulating structure, they lead to a reduction in energy efficiency during fluid transport. The formation of silica-rich deposits should be understood to minimize the negative effects of the scaling. Briefly, silicic acid molecules in the reservoir system are condensed, and the monomeric silicic acid molecules bind to each other via covalent bonds. In the course of this reaction, dimers, tetramers and short oligomers are formed, and eventually a large polymeric silica network is formed. In the presence of metals, both the kinetics of polymerization and the structure of the network are inevitably affected. In this study, the presence of kinetic parameters (different salts such as FeCl3, MgCl2, AlCl3 and NaCl), the reaction process, the rate and the activation energy of silica polymerization at different temperatures between 25 and 90 °C were investigated. The yellow silicomolybdate method was used to determine the concentration of monomeric silica. The order of the polymerization reaction was given as 3. The polymerization occurs in the initial phase, in the first 40 minutes, where the activation energy was about 29.52 ± 2.28 kJ/mol and the rate constant was of the order of 4x10-8 mol-2∙L2∙s-1. The results also confirmed that pH has a stronger effect on the kinetics of silica polymerization than temperature. The neutral solution decreases rapidly, while the acidic solution has an induction phase in the first hour of polymerization. Different temperatures did not affect the polymerization rate as much as pH. At 25°C the experiment showed the fastest polymerization, but at 90°C the low concentration changed from the beginning. During all these experiments, no scaling of amorphous silica was observed, only the polymerization of silica.
  • Master Thesis
    Screening Spirulina Stranins for Protein Productivity Based on Cultivation Under Photobioreactor Conditionsy
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Özkan, Altan; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz; Özkan, Altan; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    Spirulina is an industrially produced algae for consumption as a nutritional supplement owing to its exceptionally high protein content. The delivery of the desired metabolite profiles highly depends on selecting the correct strains for growth. In this regard, the information in the literature is limited as the strains cultivated industrially are unknown, and the strains of academic research were mostly locally isolated or procured from local sources. The current study is the first step of research activities planned to assess the large-scale production potential of Spirulina in Izmir. Thus in this work, Spirulina platensis 2340, Spirulina maxima 84.79, Spirulina platensis 85.79, Spirulina platensis 86.79, and Spirulina platensis 29 were screened for biomass and protein productivity during cultivation under standardized process conditions of a bubble column photobioreactor. The final biomass concentrations were strain specific and ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 g/L. An inverse relationship existed between the logistic model-based final biomass concentrations and the production rate constants. Thus, the peak productivities were more evenly distributed and ranged between 0.15 to 0.20 g/L-day. SP 29 had the ideal protein content vs. cultivation time profile as it was consistently high and varied in the narrow range of 60 to 64%. Higher protein contents could be reached with the other strains, but they also had higher variations during the growth period. The final protein concentrations varied from 0.4 g/L to 1.4 g/L. The highest peak productivity obtained was about 0.11 g/L-day, which could be obtained by three of the strains. The results clearly show the importance of strain selection for sustaining protein-rich biomass production with Spirulina.
  • Master Thesis
    Long Range Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants To Izmir
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
    In this study, passive samplers were placed in 10 provinces and an active sampler in Izmir in order to examine the long-range transport of POPs that are released into the environment due to the effects of the war in countries next to our southeast border. The ten cities were classified into three proximity groups: close, middle, and far. According to correlation analysis, central tendency statistics for various congeners showed an increasing trend with proximity to the war zone. However, support by hypothesis testing with Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests were limited: PBDE-183, Σ45PCB and dieldrin in winter, PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, p,p'-DDE, Σ14PBDE and Σ25OCP in the transition period, and PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-85, PBDE-154, PBDE-190, PCB-52, Σ45PCB, p,p'-DDE and Σ25OCP in the whole sampling period. Back-trajectory frequency analysis of passive sampling indicated that air masses were transported from the war zone to the close region, but it was limited for middle and far regions deeming support by back-trajectory analysis of active sampling not possible, which show that the main route of air masses were Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet Union countries, and North Africa. Concentrations measured by passive air sampling being relatively higher both in the close-group and far-group especially in winter than in the middle-group. The result of passive sampling indicates that the southwest border of Turkey was impacted by POPs which were transported from the war zone while the west of the country was impacted by those from areas in north and northeast.
  • Master Thesis
    Surface Water Quality Modeling for Best Management Practices - a Case Study From Bakırçay River Basin
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Gündüz, Orhan; Kazancı, Yiğithan; Baba, Alper; Baba, Alper; Baba, Alper; Gündüz, Orhan; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering
    This study was carried out to analyze the water quality in the Bakırçay River basin, which is known to be exposed to intense industrial and agricultural pollutant loads. A mathematical model system called AQUATOOL was used to reveal the changes that the effects of anthropogenic and natural events in the basin will cause on the conservative water quality parameters and nutrients. Model results are given in wet (April) and dry (September) periods for 4 points determined from upstream to downstream in the basin on a spatial basis, and temporal evaluation is also given for 1 upstream river water body, 1 downstream river water body, and 1 lake water body. Seven best management practices scenarios were determined and implemented one after the other in the model. Spatially, the results reveal good water status for both the dry period and the wet period at the upstream points, while at the downstream points, all parameters except BOD5 and Dissolved Oxygen are found to be in poor condition. Besides, similar situations arise in spatial-based results, and despite the scenarios, parameters could not reach good water status except for the lake waterbodies. The improvement in lake results occurs due to dilution, not scenarios. With this study, the pollution load in Bakırçay River Basin and the effects it creates once again revealed that if the anthropogenic loads are not reduced, the water quality of the basin will reach irreversible points for many years. It is thought that this study can constitute a source document for decision-makers, especially in terms of efficiency comparisons in the best management scenarios to be applied.