Electrical - Electronic Engineering / Elektrik - Elektronik Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/11
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Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Liquid Metal-Controlled Dual-Band Doppler Radar for Enhanced Velocity Measurement(IEEE, 2024) Karatay, Anıl; Yaman, FatihDoppler radars, which are critical instruments for velocity measurement, may need to be reconfigured to adapt to different environmental conditions or for ease of use. However, conventional electrical, optical, and physical reconfiguration methods often come with several disadvantages such as deteriorated radiation pattern, reduced radiation efficiency, and high cost. Therefore, the aim of this article is to integrate microwave components that can be controlled using liquid metal (LM) displacement into a Doppler radar to adjust its main lobe direction and operating frequency to the desired values and enhance the measurement capacity of the respective radar. Through this study, multiple parameters of an operational Doppler radar have been simultaneously adjusted using LM displacement exploitation for the first time, thus avoiding the shortcomings associated with conventional reconfiguration methods. To achieve this objective, initially, a back-to-back Vivaldi antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is designed, and beam switching ability is imparted to the structure using the LM displacement method. Subsequently, various techniques are used to convert the structure into a dual-band antenna capable of simultaneous operation at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, ensuring the desired beam switching feature at both the frequencies. In addition, a power divider capable of switching between the two operating frequencies through LM assistance is proposed, and its integration into the radar system enables the control of both main lobe direction and frequency using the proposed method.Conference Object Dalgacık gürültü giderme yöntemiyle mikrodalga bileşen karakterizasyonunun iyileştirilmesi(IEEE, 2023) Karatay, Anıl; Olcay, Bilal Orkan; Yaman, FatihIn this study, an efficient approach is presented to improve the characterization of various microwave components commonly used in communication and radar applications, such as antennas and power dividers. The components were initially simulated and then fabricated using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements of the fabricated components were performed using a low-cost but noisy coaxial cable, and the measurement results were processed using a wavelet-based noise reduction method. For comparison purposes, the Haar and Daubechies-4 (DB4) wavelet functions were applied separately, and the results were examined. It was observed that the correlation and root mean square error between the ideal and measurement results improved in a positive direction with the noise reduction application. This approach provides significant cost and labor advantages, particularly when expensive elements such as gold and silver are used in coaxial cables that are physically free from noise. The experimental and numerical results show good agreement between the ideal simulation results and the filtered measurement results.Article Enhancing Thickness Determination of Nanoscale Dielectric Films in Phase Diffraction-Based Optical Characterization Systems With Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(IOP Publishing, 2023) Ataç, Enes; Karatay, Anıl; Dinleyici, Mehmet SalihAccurate determination of the optical properties of ultra-thin dielectric films is an essential and challenging task in optical fiber sensor systems. However, nanoscale thickness identification of these films may be laborious due to insufficient and protracted classical curve matching algorithms. Therefore, this experimental study presents an application of a radial basis function neural network in phase diffraction-based optical characterization systems to determine the thickness of nanoscale polymer films. The non-stationary measurement data with environmental and detector noise were subjected to a detailed analysis. The outcomes of this investigation are benchmarked against the linear discriminant analysis method and further verified by means of scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the neural network has reached a remarkable accuracy of 98% and 82.5%, respectively, in tests with simulation and experimental data. In this way, rapid and precise thickness estimation may be realized within the tolerance range of 25 nm, offering a significant improvement over conventional measurement techniques.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Cost-Effective Experiments With Additively Manufactured Waveguide and Cavities in the S-Band(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2023) Karatay, Anıl; Yilmaz, Hasan Önder; Özkal, Ceren; Yaman, FatihThis study demonstrates the applicability of additively manufactured components that are metalized with conductive tape for two different microwave experiments. We focus on dielectric measurements and prototyping elliptical accelerator cavities at a low power regime for 2.45 GHz. To illustrate the accuracy of our results for the commonly used solid/liquid materials in engineering and to compare the fundamental accelerator cavity parameters with previous research rectangular and elliptic 3D-printed cavities coated with aluminum-type tape were employed in the experiments. Results reported for the complex-valued permittivities and specific design parameters for the cavity prototype are consistent with the literature. Various approaches to obtain the conductivity value of the tape and the effect of the roughness/thickness of the coating on the reflection parameter are discussed in detail. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which reduces costs and provides a high degree of accuracy for investigated applications.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4A Symmetrical Self-Diplexing Microstrip Antenna With Eight-Shaped Defects(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Karatay, AnılThis article aims to demonstrate the simulation and measurement results of a two-port and symmetrical microstrip antenna operating at 6.6 and 7 GHz frequencies. The essential advantages of the antenna in terms of numerical electromagnetism are that the geometry has a small electrical length at both frequencies, does not use a structure that requires extra computational load such as substrate integrated waveguide, and is symmetrical, thus reducing the mesh requirement by half. The proposed antenna was manufactured with the chemical etching method and the measurement results were presented. In addition, varying operating frequencies are shown with the aid of liquid metal to experimentally demonstrate the independent redesign/reconfigurability feature of the antenna. To further reduce the fabrication cost, the manufacturing process of the proposed antenna with the help of a 3D printer is explained, and the performance parameters are compared. Good agreement between simulations and measurements has been reported.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Electromagnetic Effects of Equatorially Misaligned Rf Cavities(IOP Publishing, 2021) Karatay, Anıl; Yaman, FatihOne of the most challenging problems in modern particle accelerator systems is the manufacture of RF cavities within the desired tolerance limits. In this study experimental and computational investigations to quantify the effects of transversal half-cell misalignments on the fundamental accelerator cavity parameters and beam dynamics are presented. Equivalent circuit components of an equatorially misaligned single-cell aluminum elliptical cavity are obtained from the measured data and are employed to calculate longitudinal impedance and modal wake function. Critical coupling and bead-pull measurements are performed at the TM010-like mode frequency, 2.45 GHz for the quality factor and shunt impedance of the high-beta cavity. We report equivalent circuit analysis for higher-order modes and variations of the equivalent circuit components with respect to considered misalignment errors for the MICE experiment's muon cooling cavity. It is shown that using the equivalent circuit model decreases the computational load significantly for the wake field simulations of resonator cavities. Good agreement between simulations and measurements in terms of accelerating cavity parameters and impedances is illustrated.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 8Implementation and Experimental Verifications of Microstrip Antennas for Angular Scanning of a Doppler Radar(Elsevier, 2019) Karatay, Anıl; Orcan, Durmuş; Özkal, Ceren; Yaman, FatihThe aim of this study is to improve operational capabilities and range of the MIT-Coffee Can Doppler radar via aperture coupled Vivaldi type transmitter antenna, patch array receiver antenna, and an unequal power divider. Accordingly, a mechanical angular scanning feature for tracking multi-targets and the system integration of lightweight microstrip structures are realized for the radar. A narrow beamwidth in the receiver and a well impedance matching on the overall system to reduce return losses are achieved for the considered application. Good agreements between simulations and measurements for the fabricated antennas/divider and a successful integration of the antennas to the existing system for finding a moving target angular location is reported. It is shown that through wall identification and target velocity at scanned regions can be obtained with the proposed hardware configuration. Simulation results of antenna parameters for various number of array elements are listed which could be a useful tool for different engineering applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Electromagnetic Simulations of Mechanical Imperfections for Accelerator Cavities(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Karatay, Anıl; Yaman, FatihEffects of surface roughness and transversal cell misalignments on the performance of elliptical accelerator cavities are studied in this article. A high-beta, 9-cell elliptical cavity, whose pi-mode resonates at 3.9 GHz, is designed to investigate imperfections. The considered frequency is chosen to observe variations of fundamental accelerating cavity parameters, wake potentials, and wake impedances more clearly by using relatively small structures. Moreover, 3-cell elliptical cavities having pi-mode at 2 and 3.9 GHz are designed to confirm the 9-cell cavity results. The undesired effects caused by the considered mechanical imperfections are simulated for an ultra-relativistic bunch in the parameter scope of a realistic scenario. In particular, Huray's snowball model, which is a scattering-based surface roughness approach developed for microstrip lines, is employed to determine the effects of the surface roughness on the accelerator cavities. Surface roughness due to the fabrication process is expressed as a surface impedance, and the required equivalence between the surface roughness and surface impedance concept is achieved. Significant computational efficiency is observed by using the surface impedance concept with Huray's snowball model in the simulations. Experimental verification of certain parameters is included for an elliptical cavity having high cell-to-cell coupling at 3.9 GHz.