Chemistry / Kimya
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Gas Phase Fragmentation Behavior of Proline in Macrocyclic B7 Ions(American Chemical Society, 2023) Taşoğlu, Çağdaş; Arslanoğlu, Alper; Arslanoğlu, Alper; Yalçın, Talat; Yalçın, Talat; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThefragmentation characteristics of b (7) ionsproduced from proline-containing heptapeptides have been studiedin detail. The study has utilized the following C-terminally amidatedmodel peptides: PA(6), APA(5), A(2)PA(4), A(3)PA(3), A(4)PA(2), A(5)PA, A(6)P, PYAGFLV, PAGFLVY, PGFLVYA, PFLVYAG,PLVYAGF, PVYAGFL, YPAGFLV, YAPGFLV, YAGPFLV, YAGFPLV, YAGFLPV, YAGFLVP,PYAFLVG, PVLFYAG, A(2)PXA(3), and A(2)XPA(3) (where X = C, D, F, G, L, V, and Y, respectively). The resultshave shown that b (7) ions undergo head-to-tailcyclization and form a macrocyclic structure. Under the collision-induceddissociation (CID) condition, it generates nondirect sequence ionsregardless of the position of the proline and the neighboring aminoacid residues. This study highlights the unusual and unique fragmentationbehavior of proline-containing heptapeptides. Following the head-to-tailcyclization, the ring opens up and places the proline residue in theN-terminal position while forming a regular oxazolone form of b (2) ions for all peptide series. Then, the fragmentationreaction pathway is followed by the elimination of proline with itsC-terminal neighbor residue as an oxazolone (e.g., PXoxa) for all proline-containing peptide series.Research Project Proton Kopartılmış Peptit Türevlerinin Gaz Fazı Reaksiyon Mekanizmalarının Kütle Spektrometre ile İncelenmesi(2014) Yalçın, Talat; Arslanoğlu, Alper; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyProteinler canlı organizmalardaki yaşamsal faliyetleri etkileyen ve düzenleyen en önemli yapı taşlarındandır. Hastalıklarda, kalp krizinde, stres altında v.b., hücrelereki protein seviyelerinde ve çeşitliliğinde değişmeler gözlenebilmektedir. Bu tür proteinlerin fonksiyonlarını anlayabilmek için protein sekanslarının doğru tanımlanması çok önemlidir. Özellikle hücre içi sinyal iletimi fosforlanmış proteinler vasıtasıyla yapılmaktadır ve fosforlanmış proteinlerdeki fosfor grubunun hangi pozisyondaki (serin, S, tirozin , Y, veya tironin, T) amino asite bağlandığını belirleme ve sekansın doğru yapılması, proteinin fonksiyonunu anlamak açısından önemli gerekliliktir. Günümüzde proteinlerin enzimlerle kesilmesi ile elde edilen peptitlerden elde edilen gaz fazı Kütle Spektrometre sinyalleri (pozitif ve/veya negatif iyonlar) yardımı ile peptitlerin sekanslarını ve dolayısıyla proteinlerin amino asit dizilimleri tanımlanmaya çalışılmaktadır ve doğru tanımlayabilmek açısından gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmalarının çok detaylı çalışılması, yeni informatik bilgiler elde etme açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, proton kopartılmış peptit türevlerinin gaz fazı reaksiyon mekanizmaları kütle spektrometre yardımı ile çalışılmıştır. Çalışmalar sırasında XAAAAAA-OH, AXAAAAA-OH, AAXAAAA-OH, AAAAXAA-OH, AAAAAXA-OH, AAAAAAX-OH, XAAAAAA-NH2, AXAAAAANH2, AAXAAAA-NH2, AAAAXAA-NH2, AAAAAXA-NH2, AAAAAAX-NH2 ve XYAGFLV-OH, YXAGFLV-OH, YAXGFLV-OH, YAGXFLV-OH, YAGFXLV-OH, YAGFLXV-OH ve YAGFLVXOH (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) peptit serileri, sekanslarında tekli asidik amino asit içeren peptitlerle, sistematik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Amino asidin pozisyona bağlı gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizması ve ayrıca komşu amino asitlerin yan zincirlerinin gaz fazı parçalanmasına etkileride incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, sekanslarında birden fazla asidik amino asit içeren peptit türevleriylede sistematik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar içinde, XXYAGFLV-OH, YXXAGFLV-OH, YAXXGFLVOH, YAGXXFLV-OH, YAGFXXLV-OH, YAGFLXXV-OH, YAGFLVXX-OH, (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) VE XXXYAGFLV-OH, YXXXAGFLV-OH, YAXXXGFLV-OH, YAGXXXFLV-OH, YAGFXXXLV-OH, YAGFLXXXV-OH, YAGFLVXXXOH, (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) peptit türevleri kullanılmıştır. Burada da birden fazla asidik amino asit içeren peptit türevlerinin pozisyon etkisi ve komşu aminoasitlerin yan zincilerinin gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmasına etkileri detaylandırılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, YAGFLVEEEE-OH ve YAGFLVEEEEE-OH peptit türevleriyle çalışılmalar yapılmıştır ve etkileri detaylandırılmıştır. Ayrıca sekanslarında serine, S, tirozine, Y, treonin, T, bulunduran peptit türevleri ilede fosforlanmış peptitlerin gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmaları çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma için, AEKEpYTVD-OH, IETDKEpYT-OH, SKDESIpYV-OH, DMTpSGLPL-OH, KELLPLpSA-OH, YDMTTpSLP-OH, ve YDMpTGLPLOH fosforlanmış peptit türevleri kullanılmıştır.Research Project Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.’da boron hiperakümülasyonu ve tolerans mekanizmalarının proteomiks yaklaşım kullanarak anlaşılması(2017) Yalçın, Talat; Frary, Anne; Allmer, Jens; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBor hem yüksek hem düsük konsantrasyonlarında bitkilerde büyüme bozukluklarına ve verim kaybına neden olmaktadır. Yüksek bor konsantrasyonundan kaynaklanan problemlerin giderilmesi için gerçeklestirilen; topragın yıkanması, topragın çinko ile zenginlestirilmesi gibi yöntemlerin bu sorunun giderilmesinde yetersiz kaldıgı gözlemlenmistir. Dünya bor rezervlerinin %71,3?üne sahip olan Türkiye?de bor toksisitesi, önemli bir tarımsal sorundur ve ülkenin belirli bölgelerindeki birçok tarım bitkinin verimini azaltmakta ve kullanılabilir tarım alanlarını kısıtlamaktadır. Dayanıklı tür belirlemeye yönelik yapılan arastırmalar sonucunda Türkiye?de bor madenlerinin bulundugu arazilerde büyüyebilen ve yüksek bor toksisitesine tolerans gösteren Puccinellia distans (çorak çimi) tanımlanmıstır. Tarımsal olarak ekonomik bir degeri olmamasına ragmen, yakın zamanda gerçeklestirilen fizyolojik çalısmaların ısıgında bünyesinde yüksek miktarlarda bor biriktirebildigi bulunmustur. Bu bitki türü ile transkriptomik düzeyde çalısılmıstır fakat üzerinde daha önce proteomik düzeyde herhangi bir çalısma gerçeklestirilmemistir. Bu projede, Puccinelia distans bitkisindeki bor toksisitesine karsı toleransta rol oynayan mekanizmalar proteomik (proteinlerin farklı ekspresiyon profillerinin çıkarılması) yaklasımla incelenmistir. Puccinellia distans bitkisindeki bor toksisitesine dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak için bor stresine maruz bırakılmıs bitkiler ile normal sartlarda yetistirilmis bitkilerin kök ve yapraklarından izole edilen proteinler incelenmistir. Ifadelenmesi farklı bulunan proteinlerin tanımlanması için etiketsiz (label-free) kütle spektrometresi ile ölçümler yapılmıstır. Puccinelia distans transkriptomu, Arabidopsis thaliana ve Oryza sativa proteinleri ve de novo dizileme sonuçlarında olusan bir veritabanı kullanılarak kütle spektrometre verileri analiz edilmistir, peptitler ve dolayısıyla proteinler tanımlanmıstır. Çalısma sonucunda boron transportundan sorumlu aquaporin proteinleri, tonoplastlar tanımlanmıs ve karbohidrat, lipid, protein yıkım, oksidatif stres, hormonal sinyal transdüksiyonu gibi metabolik yolların stres kosullarından etkilendigi tespit edilmistir.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Development of Ab3-Type Novel Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Photosensitizers Conjugated With Triphenylphosphonium for Higher Photodynamic Efficacy(American Chemical Society, 2022) Albakour, Mohamad; Önal, Emel; Akgül, Bünyamin; Erdoğan, İpek; Gümüşgöz Çelik, Gizem; Erdoğan, İpek; Özçelik, Serdar; Tüncel, Özge; Özçelik, Serdar; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThere are a number of lipophilic cations that can be chosen; the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion is particularly unique for mitochondrion targeting, mainly due to its simplicity in structure and ease to be linked to the target molecules. In this work, mitochondrion-targeted AB3-type novel phthalocyanine and porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) were synthesized and their photophysical photochemical properties were defined. Fluorescence quantum yields (φF) are 0.009, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.13, and the singlet-oxygen quantum yields (φΔ) are 0.27, 0.75, 0.57, and 0.58 for LuPcPox(OAc), AB3TPP-Pc, AB3TPP-Por-C4, and AB3TPP-Por-C6, respectively. To evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of the TPP-conjugated PS cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were comparatively measured and IC-50 values were determined. AB3TPP-Por-C4, AB3TPP-Por-C6, and AB3TPP-Pc compounds compared to the reference molecules ZnPc and H2TPP were found to be highly cytotoxic (sub-micromolar concentration) under the light. LuPcPox(OAc) is the most effective molecule regarding cell killing (the activity). The cell killing of the TPP-conjugated porphyrin derivatives exhibits a similar response compared to LuPcPox(OAc) when the light absorbing factor of the PS is normalized at 660 nm: TPP-conjugated porphyrins absorb less light (lower extinction coefficient) but produce more radical species (higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield) and therefore effectively kill the cells. The singlet oxygen-producing capacity of AB3TPP-Pc is almost 3 times higher compared to LuPcPox(OAc) and 50% more efficient with respect to ZnPc, suggesting that TPP-conjugated phthalocyanine may serve as a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The high singlet oxygen generation capacity of these novel TPP-conjugated porphyrin and phthalocyanine PS suggests that they might be useful for PDT requiring lower photosensitizer concentration and reduced energy deposited through less light exposure.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Novel 2 '-alkoxymethyl Substituted Klavuzon Derivatives as Inhibitors of Topo I and Crm1(Academic Press, 2020) Çetinkaya, Hakkı; Çağır, Ali; Yıldız, Mehmet Salih; Kutluer, Meltem; Alkan, Aylin; Otaş, Hasan Ozan; Çağır, Ali; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyIn this work, 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were prepared starting from 2-methyl-1-naphthoic acid in eight steps. Anticancer potencies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by performing MTT cell viability test over cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines, along with CRM1 inhibitory properties in HeLa cells by immunostaining and Topo I inhibition properties by supercoiled DNA relaxation assay. Their cytotoxic activities were also presented in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7) derived 3D spheroids. Among the tested klavuzon derivatives, isobutoxymethyl substituted klavuzon showed the highest selectivity of cytotoxic activity against pancreatic cancer cell line. They showed potent Topo I inhibition while their CRM1 inhibitory properties somehow diminished compared to 4'-alkylsubstituted klavuzons. The most cytotoxic 2'-methoxymethyl derivative inhibited the growth of the spheroids derived from HuH-7 cell lines and PI staining exhibited time and concentration dependent cell death in 3D spheroids.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 11A New Drug Testing Platform Based on 3d Tri-Culture in Lab-On Devices(Elsevier, 2020) Gökçe, Begüm; Çağır, Ali; Akçok, İsmail; Pesen Okvur, Devrim; Çağır, Ali; Pesen Okvur, Devrim; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyDrug discovery has a 90% rate of failure because preclinical platforms for drug testing do not mimic the in vivo conditions. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used drug to treat breast cancer patients even though it has side effects. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices provide spatial control at the micrometer scale and can thus emulate the cancer microenvironment. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, a new drug testing platform based on 3D tri-culture in LOC devices was developed. Breast cancer cells alone or with normal mammary epithelial cells and macrophages were cultured in matrigel in LOC devices. The platform was used to test DOX and (R)-4'-methylklavuzon (KLA), which is a new anti-cancer drug candidate. Results showed that DOX and KLA were equally effective on breast cancer cells in 3D monoculture. KLA produced 26% less death for breast cancer cells than DOX in 3D tri-culture. More importantly, DOX was not selective between breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells in 3D tri- culture whereas KLA caused 56% less cell death than DOX for normal mammary epithelial cells. Results strongly recommend that 3D tri-culture in LOC devices be used for assessment of drug toxicity at the preclinical stage.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Changes in Protein Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Cells in Response To Bortezomib(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Turan, Taylan; Şanlı Mohamed, Gülşah; Şanlı Mohamed, Gülşah; Baran, Yusuf; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe objective of this study was to determine the changes in protein profiles of U-266 multiple myeloma cells in response to bortezomib. Bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation and increased the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. DECODON Delta2D Version 4.3 software demonstrated 37 differentially expressed protein spots: five proteins were newly formed, 10 proteins were lost, 12 proteins were up-regulated and 10 proteins were down-regulated in bortezomib-treated cells as compared to untreated cells. Some of the identified proteins after mass spectrometric analysis were as follows: apoptosis regulatory protein Siva (newly formed), caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (lost), Ras-related protein Rab-25 (up-regulated), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p105 subunit (down-regulated). In summary, differentially expressed proteins of MM U-266 cells in response to bortezomib were analyzed and identified. The data obtained from this study may indicate the use of bortezomib for the treatment of various diseases.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 7The Importance of Protein Profiling in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies(Galenos Yayıncılık, 2011) Şanlı Mohamed, Gülşah; Turan, Taylan; Şanlı Mohamed, Gülşah; Baran, Yusuf; Ekiz, Hüseyin Atakan; Baran, Yusuf; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyProteins are important targets in cancer research because malignancy is associated with defects in cell protein machinery. Protein profiling is an emerging independent subspecialty of proteomics that is rapidly expanding and providing unprecedented insight into biological events. Quantitative assessment of protein levels in hematologic malignancies seeks a comprehensive understanding of leukemiaassociated protein patterns for use in aiding diagnosis, follow-up treatment, and the prediction of clinical outcomes. Many recently developed high-throughput proteomic methods can be applied to protein profiling. Herein the importance of protein profiling, its exploitation in leukemia research, and its clinical usefulness in the treatment and diagnosis of various cancer types, and techniques for determining changes in protein profiling are reviewed.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 14Proteomic Changes During Boron Tolerance in Barley (hordeum Vulgare) and the Role of Vacuolar Proton-Translocating Atpase Subunit E(Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011) Atik, Ahmet Emin; Bozdağ, Gönensin Ozan; Koç, Ahmet; Kaya, Alaattin; Koç, Ahmet; Yalçın, Talat; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBoron is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals; however, it can be toxic when present at high concentrations. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms of boron tolerance in the Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare) Anadolu cultivar. For this purpose, 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to screen differentially expressed proteins for both control and boron-stressed Anadolu barley genotypes. Seven proteins were revealed by 2-DE: 1) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo large chain), 2) TLP5, a thaumatin-like protein, 3) PR5, a basic pathogenesis-related protein, 4) a RNase S-like protein, 5) a PSI type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, 6) a light-harvesting complex I LHC I, and 7) the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase subunit E protein. These were found to be upregulated in response to boron treatment. Even though the protein encoded by the V-ATPase subunit E gene was overexpressed, its transcript level was downregulated by boron treatment. Heterologous expression of the barley V-ATPase subunit E gene in yeast provided boron resistance to yeast cells. These results indicated that the V-ATPase subunit E gene was functional and conferred tolerance to toxic boron levels in yeast and might play a role in the overall boron tolerance of barley. © TÜBITAK.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 20Genome-Wide Identification of Genes That Play a Role in Boron Stress Response in Yeast(Elsevier Ltd., 2011) Uluışık, İrem; Kaya, Alaattin; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Avşar, Kadir; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Koç, Ahmet; Koç, Ahmet; Yalçın, Talat; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyBoron is an essential micronutrient for plants and it is either necessary or beneficial for animals. Studies identified only few genes related to boron metabolism thus far and details of how boron is imported into cells and used in cell metabolism are largely unknown. In order to identify genes that play roles in boron metabolism, we screened the entire set of yeast haploid deletion mutants and identified 6 mutants that were resistant to toxic levels of boron, and 21 mutants that were highly sensitive to boron treatment. Furthermore, we performed a proteomic approach to identify additional proteins that are significantly up-regulated by boron treatment. Our results revealed many genes and pathways related to boron stress response and suggest a possible link between boron toxicity and translational control.