Chemistry / Kimya
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4072
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Article Aspergillus Sojae Tarafından Üretilen Poligalakturonazın Kısmi Saflaştırılması için Kromatografik Bir Yaklaşım(Sidas Medya Ajans Tanıtım Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti., 2017) Şen, İlknur; Mata-Gomez, Marco A.; Palomares, Marco Rito; Tarı, Canan; Dinç, MelikeBu çalışmanın amacı, A. sojae mutantından poligalakturonaz üretilmesi ve ham ekstraktın kromatografik yöntemlerle kısmi saflaştırılmasıdır. Peptitlerin konfirmasyonu için ilk basamak olarak, jel içinde sindirilmiş sodyum-dodesil-sülfatpoliakrilamid-jel-elektroforezi (SDS-PAGE) jellerinde matriks-yardımlı lazer desorpsiyon/iyonlaştırmalı-uçuş zamanlıkütle spektrometresi (Maldi-TOF MS) analizi yapılmıştır. Poligalakturonaz üretimi için, katı-faz ve derin fermentasyonlarda üç farklı karbon kaynağı kullanılmıştır. Ham ekstrakt ilk olarak iyon değişim kromatografisi (IEXC) ile saflaştırılmıştır ve ardından bunu boyut eleme kromatografisi izlemiştir. Derin [acı portakal kabuğu, şeker pancarı melası ve (NH4)2SO4] ve katı-faz (buğday kepeği, şeker pancarı ve HCl) fermentasyonlarından elde edilen ham ekstraktlar yüksek seviyede poligalakturonaz enzim aktivitesi (sırasıyla 95.22 and 50.27 U/mL) göstermiştir. IEXC toplanmış fraksiyonunun (180, 200 ve 220 mM tuz fraksiyonları) boyut elemesi, en yüksek verimi (%36) ve saflaştırma katını (2.00) göstermiştir. SDS-PAGE'den elde edilen olası poligalakturonaz bantları jel içinde sindirilmiş ve peptit konfirmasyonu için Maldi-TOF-MS ile analiz edilmiştir.Article Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (ft-ır) Spektroskopisi ile Malassezia Türlerinin Değerlendirilmesi(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2011) Ergin, Çağrı; Vuran, M. Emre; Gök, Yaşar; Özdemir, Durmuş; Karaarslan, Aydın; Kaleli, İlknur; Çon, Ahmet HilmiMalassezia türleri, normal deri florasının üyesi kabul edilen, cilt enfeksiyonlarına da yol açabilen lipofilik ekzobasidiyomiçet mantarlardır. Rutin mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarlarında uygulanan fenotipik karakterlere dayalı tür tanımlaması her zaman için taksonomik araştırmalarla uyumlu olmayabilmektedir. Lipofilik ve lipide bağımlı Malassezia türleri lipid ile zenginleştirilmiş besiyerlerine gereksinim gösterir. Bu nedenle, lipid bölgesine odaklanmış Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (Fourier transform infrared; FT-IR) spektroskopisi, Malassezia türlerinin tanımlanmasında yardımcı olabilir. Bu çalışmada, insan patojeni olan 10 farklı türe ait standart Malassezia suşu (M.dermatis CBS 9145, M.furfur CBS 7019, M.japonica CBS 9432, M.globosa CBS 7966, M.nana CBS 9561, M.obtusa CBS 7876, M.pachydermatis CBS 1879, M.slooffiae CBS 7956, M.sympodialis CBS 7222 ve M.yamatoensis CBS 9725), modifiye Dixon agar besiyerinde standart kültürü takiben FT-IR spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda, tüm spektrum analizi ile iki ana grup (M1 grubu; M.globosa, M.obtusa, M.sympodialis, M.dermatis, M.pachydermatis ve M2 grubu; M.furfur, M.japonica, M.nana, M.slooffiae, M.yamatoensis) ayırımı yapılmıştır. M1 grubunda; M.obtusa’nın 1686-1606 $cm^ {-1}$, M2 grubunda M.japonicum’un 2993-2812 $cm^ {-1}$ dalga sayısı penceresinde yapılan ikinci basamak işlemlerinde, düşük düzeyde ayırım gücü ile tanımlandığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, M.sympodialis, M.globosa ve M.pachydermatis ile M.furfur ve M.yamatoensis’in birbirlerinden ayırım gösterdiği bölgeler saptanamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, farklı spektral bölgelerin analiz verilerine göre; FT-IR spektroskopik analizinin, standart kültürü yapılan Malassezia türlerinin ayırımında yeterli olmadığı kanısına varılmıştır.Article Determination of Triacylglycerol Composition of Ayvalık and Memecik Olive Oils During Storage by Chemometric Methods(Sakarya Üniversitesi, 2017) Köseoğlu, Oya; Sevim, Didar; Özdemir, DurmuşThe aim of present investigation is to discriminate two important Turkish olive cultivars (Ayvalık and Memecik) by studying their triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions during storage (15 months) taken from different orchard in Ayvalık and Aydın region which have a significant potential for olive oil production in Turkey, during 2009 and 2010 harvest years. Olives were harvested by hand at 2 different maturation indices and processed by an Abencor system. The olive oil samples were stored at room temperature and they were divided into two groups including exposed to diffused daylight and dark for a period of 15 months. Multivariate classification and clustering were done by the application of unsupervised chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on the TAG profiles of the olive oil samples. PCA and HCA analysis of olive oils showed significant differences according to harvest years and cultivars. PCA scores plot showed that the samples were classified into two main groups with respect to harvest years based on the first principal component (PC1). In terms of storage effect, there was no significant change in TAG compositions among the samples from beginning of storage to 15 months of storage regardless of storage conditions (either in dark or in daylight). In addition, PCA scores plot indicated that the samples were also successfully clustered into two sub-groups according to cultivars in both years based on the second principal component (PC2).Article Determination of Bitterness Index (k225) and Total Fenol Content of Olive Oils Obtained With Different Regions, Varieties and Processing Systems(Ege Üniversitesi, 2018) Köseoğlu, Oya; Sevim, Didar; Dural, Mehmet Ulaş; Özdemir, DurmuşIn this work the effect of different growing areas on olive (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Beylik, Edincik Su, Girit, Kilis Yağlık, Sarı Ulak, Tavşan Yüreği, Topak Aşı) oil bitterness index (K225) were studied at the South Marmara, South and North Aegean, West and East Mediterranean Regions at two, two and a half (2.5), and three phase extraction system, during 2014/2015 crop season. A total of 41 virgin olive oils samples were collected from these Regions. Total phenol content and bitternes index (K225) were analyzed in the research. A Solid-Phase Extraction procedure were carried out for extraction of the bitter compounds. The results of total phenol content and K225 values showed that the Beylik olive oil was determined with the highest total phenol conent and bitterness index (K225) with 330.26 mg CAE kg-1 oil and 1.21 at 2.5 phase extraction system from Manavgat at the West Mediterranean Region, respectively. After the Beylik variety, the highest total phenol content was determined Ayvalık and Edincik Su olive oil with 291.03 and 270.62 mg CAE kg-1 oil, respectively. The Memecik and Ayvalık olive oil bitterness index (K225) was determined 0.86 and 0.85 at two phase extraction system from Muğla and Burhaniye at the South and North Aegean, respectively.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 1Determination of Aluminum Oxide Thickness on the Annealed Surface of 8000 Series Aluminum Foil by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(Springer, 2017) İnanç Uçar, Özlem; Ekin Meşe, Ayten; Birbaşar, Onur; Dündar, Murat; Özdemir, DurmuşAluminum foil produced with prescribed thermomechanical processing route develop oxide film. Alloy chemistry and annealing practices, particularly its duration and exposed temperature, determine the characteristics of the oxide film. The magnitude and characteristics of the oxide film may impair surface features leading to serious problems in some applications, such as coating, printing and in some severe cases failure in formability. Therefore, it is important for the rolling industry to be able to monitor the oxide formation on the foil products and quantify its thickness. Well known methods to measure an oxide thickness that is in the order of nanometer, require meticulous sample preparation techniques, long duration for measurements and sophisticated equipment. However, in this study, a simple and rapid grazing angle attenuated total reflectance infrared (GA-ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic method combined with chemometrics multivariate calibration has been developed for the oxide thickness determination which is validated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 3000 and 8000 series aluminum foil materials which were produced by twin roll casting technique were used in this study. Foil samples were annealed at various different temperatures and annealing times in a laboratory scale furnace. Immediately after collecting GA-ATR-FTIR spectra, the 3000 series alloy samples were sent to a laboratory where XPS reference oxide thickness measurements had been performed. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was used to develop a multivariate calibration model based on FTIR spectra and XPS reference oxide thickness values in order to predict the aluminum oxide thickness. The correlation coefficient of XPS reference oxide thickness values versus grazing angle ATR-FTIR based PLS predicted values was found as 0.9903 the standard error of cross validation (SECV) was found to be 0.29 nm in range of 4.9–14.0 nm for Al2O3. In addition, the standard error of prediction (SEP) for the validation set was 0.24 nm with the model generated with three principal components (PCs). © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2017.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Utilization of Near Ir Absorbing Gold Nanocolloids by Green Synthesis(Trans Tech Publications, 2018) Elveren, Beste; Yıldız, Ümit Hakan; Arslan Yıldız, AhuThe rapid developments in nanoscience, and its applications on biomedical areas have a large impact on drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensing, and diagnosis. Gold is widely investigated nanomaterial for the last couple of decades, since it has unique surface properties and very low toxicity to biological environment. In this work, we present a novel synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) exhibiting both visible and near-IR absorbance without agglomeration. The surface of GNPs were analyzed by routine methods and the binding kinetics were investigated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectroscopy. The unique optical properties of near-IR asorbing GNP colloids hold promise for biological applications.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Bacillus Thuringiensis Wild-Type and Two Mutant Strains Disturbed in Polyphosphate Homeostasis(TUBITAK, 2018) Yeşilırmak, Filiz; Doruk, Tuğrul; Yılmaz, Şerif; Tunca Gedik, SedefPolyphosphate polymer (polyP) plays a very important role in every living cell. Synthesis of this linear polymer of phosphate (Pi) residues is catalyzed by the polyphosphate kinase (PPK) enzyme. It was shown that high levels of intracellular polyphosphate stimulated endotoxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti). In this study, proteomic analysis of the wild-type and two mutant strains, overexpressing the ppk gene (Bti pHTppk) and without the ppk gene (Bti ∆ppk), were used to clarify the relation between polyP and endotoxin production. Intracellular proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; 41 spots of interest (proteins differentially expressed) were obtained and 35 of them were identified by mass spectrometry. Analysis of the protein profiles showed that there is a general decrease in the expression levels of proteins related with energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and purine biosynthesis in both Bti pHTppk and Bti ∆ppk. Gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism were also slowed down in both strains, whereas expression of stress response proteins increased compared to the wild-type. These results suggested that changes in polyP concentration cause a general stress condition inside the cell, which in turn stimulates secondary metabolite synthesisConference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Fabrication of Polymer Nanofiber-Conducting Polymer Fabric and Noncontact Motion Sensing Platform(Trans Tech Publications, 2018) Mutlu, Mustafa Umut; Akın, Osman; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Yıldız, Ümit HakanConductive polymer-electrospun polymer nanofiber network was combined to host iron oxide nanoparticles providing micrometer thick sensing interface. The sensor has fabricated as freestanding fabric exhibiting 10 to 100 KOhm base resistivity upon bias applied. The moving object has been sensed through the electrostatic interactions between fibers and object. The sensing range has been found to be 1-5 cm above the surface of fabric. By the controlled combination of conductive polymers electrospun polymer nanofibers effective device miniaturization has been provided without loss of performance. The noncontact motion sensor platform has unique flexibility and light weight holding a potential for wearable sensor technology.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Amalgamation Performances of Gold-Coated Quartz Wool, Alumina, Silica, Sand and Carbon Fiber for the Determination of Inorganic Mercury in Waters by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(Pleiades Publishing, 2017) Erdem Şimşek, Arzu; Erdem Yayayürük, Aslı; Shahwan, Talal; Eroğlu, Ahmet EminDifferent gold-coated sorbents for amalgamation were applied for the determination of inorganic mercury in waters using a home-made cold vapor generation unit coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry. Among the gold-coated materials investigated (quartz wool, alumina, silica, sand and carbon fiber) quartz wool was found to give the most efficient results in terms of sorption and release. Analytical performance of the system without and with amalgamation was investigated and it was found that when amalgamation was applied, the linearity and slope of the calibration plots were independent on the sample volume for 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mL. Method validation was realized through the analysis of a sample of spring water spiked with 1.0 μg/L inorganic mercury and the spike recoveries were found to be 95 ± 1, 91 ± 3, and 99 ± 5% for 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the methodology can be applied to these types of samples directly or after amalgamation, depending on the mercury concentration.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Use of Amberlite Xad-7hp for the Separation of Mn(ii) and Mn(vii) in Waters(Pleiades Publishing, 2017) Erdem Yayayürük, Aslı; Eroğlu, Ahmet EminA simple method is proposed for the determination and speciation of Mn(II) and Mn(VII) in waters utilizing a macroporous resin, Amberlite XAD-7HP. The batch method was employed and flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used in all determinations. Amberlite XAD-7HP resin was shown to retain Mn(VII) between pH 4 and 12. If the solution contains only one of the species, either Mn(II) or Mn(VII), the resin behaves selectively depending on the pH of the solution. The elution from the sorbent was realized using K2C2O4 in HNO3. The efficiency of the method was checked via spike recovery experiments. The proposed method was successfully applied to industrial wastewater samples and quantitative recoveries (≥96.0%) confirmed the accuracy of the method.