Architecture / Mimarlık

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 7
    Review of Literature for the Concept of Post-Disaster Housing in Turkey
    (Gazi University, 2008) Baradan, Berna
    There have been implementations of post-disaster housing even in historical ages and mentioned in studies concerning a specific period in time in which the disaster occurred in Turkey. With a brief overview of such history of post-disaster housing, the studies were reviewed based on the relationship between approaches and time periods concerning the architectural literature of post-disaster housing in Turkey between 1977 and 2005. There are mainly two types of architectural studies about this concept; observations and analyses about the general policy in Turkey, and case specific studies. These two types of studies can also classified within their writing style as well; descriptive style and analytical style of writing is used for a basis for the comparison of approaches used in the studies. The term ‘architectural literature’ used in this article were used for the works published by the architects and/or studies published in architectural magazines. From this analysis, it could be concluded that the architectural society in Turkey changed its point of view to more humanistic solutions in post-disaster housing after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake.
  • Data Paper
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Citation - Scopus: 4
    Experimental data showing the thermal behavior of a flat roof with phase change material
    (Elsevier, 2015) Tokuç, Ayça; Başaran, Tahsin; Yesügey, Sadık Cengiz
    The selection and configuration of building materials for optimal energy efficiency in a building require some assumptions and models for the thermal behavior of the utilized materials. Although the models for many materials can be considered acceptable for simulation and calculation purposes, the work for modeling the real time behavior of phase change materials is still under development. The data given in this article shows the thermal behavior of a flat roof element with a phase change material (PCM) layer. The temperature and energy given to and taken from the building element are reported. In addition the solid-liquid behavior of the PCM is tracked through images. The resulting thermal behavior of the phase change material is discussed and simulated in [1] A. Tokuç, T. Başaran, S.C. Yesügey, An experimental and numerical investigation on the use of phase change materials in building elements: the case of a flat roof in Istanbul, Build. Energy, vol. 102, 2015, pp. 91-104.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 5
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    Comparison of Advanced Daylighting Systems To Improve Illuminance and Uniformity Through Simulation Modelling
    (Znack Publishing House, 2014) Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Fırat Örs, Pelin
    Deficiencies in daylighting performance (illuminance and uniformity) of educational facilities may cause health problems, work performance loss and excessive energy consumption. The varying nature of daylight in daily and yearly basis is a strong challenge on that matter. Advanced daylighting systems have been developed to overcome this challenge. Improving the daylighting performance of existing buildings is another difficulty in daylighting design. Daylighting design needs should be carefully considered at the initial design stages of the buildings. So, the aim of this study was to improve the illuminance and uniformity in four selected architectural design studios in Izmir. Measurements of daylight illuminance were conducted in May and June 2012. Simulation models were built in Ecotect/Radiance. To reach the best daylighting performance, simulations were carried out by Desktop Radiance with applying laser cut panels, prismatic panels and light shelves. It is considered that retrofitting efforts after the construction would be inadequate regarding daylighting, unless complying with the standards during the design process.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 5
    Piranesi Between Classical and Sublime
    (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, 2007) Ek, Fatma İpek; Şengel, Deniz
    On sekizinci yüzyılda, estetik biliminin olduğu kadar mimarlık tarihinin de doğuşu bağlamında ivme kazanan tartışmalar, mimarlık disiplinini doğal olarak etkilemişti. Estetik tartışmaların temeli mimarilerin tarihsel köken tartışmalarına bağlanıyor ve ‘güzel’ ile ‘yüce’ olmak üzere iki etki üzerine odaklanıyordu: ‘Güzel’i temsil ettiği düşünülen Yunan tarzı, ‘yüce’yle özdeşleştirilen Roma ve Mısır tarzlarının karşısına yerleştirilmekteydi. Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778) gibi mimar ve düşünürlerin görsel ve yazınsal çalışmalarında söz konusu estetik ve tarihsel savlar takip edilebiliyordu. Piranesi, Roma mimarlık ve uygarlığının kökenini ‘güzel’ Yunan’a dayandıran Winckelmann gibi çağdaşlarının aksine, Roma mimarî estetiğinin ‘yüce’ unsurlar barındırdığını, dolayısıyla Mısır medeniyetinden türediğini savunuyordu. Tüm çizimlerinde antik Roma’nın ‘yüce’ mimarisini resmeden Piranesi, böylece estetik tartışmaların ‘yüce’ cephesinde yerini alıyordu.On sekizinci yüzyılın iki önemli filozofu Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) ile Edmund Burke (1729-1797) estetiğin bileşenleri ‘güzel’ ve ‘yüce’ üzerine çalışmalarıyla tartışmaları hızlandırmıştı. Bu iki kavram on sekizinci yüzyıl felsefe ve tasarım kuramlarını aynı ölçüde etkilemekle birlikte, makale temel olarak Kant ile Burke’ün ‘yüce’ tanımları üzerinden Piranesi’nin görsel ve metinsel çalışmalarının karşılaştırmalı okumasını yapmaktadır. Kant ve Burke’ün ‘yüce’ açıklamalarında küçük ayrılıklar görülmekle birlikte ikisi de temelde aynı şeyi söylemişlerdir. Özellikle Kant’ın Güzellik ve Yücelik Duygusu Üzerine Gözlemler (1764) ve Burke’ün Yücelik ve Güzellik Fikirlerimizin Kaynağı Hakkında Felsefî bir Araştırma (1757) başlıklı çalışmalarındaki ifadeler Piranesi’nin çizimlerinde takip edilebilmektedir. Piranesi, Kant’ın ve Burke’ün anlattığı ‘yüce’yi mimarî çizim diliyle aktarmıştı. Piranesi, on sekizinci yüzyıla egemen olan ‘yüce’ etkiyi Venedikli bir mimarın gözüyle yeniden yorumluyordu.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    A General Evaluation on Double Skin Facades
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2014) Inan, Tugba; Basaran, Tahsin
    This study examines the literature of double-skin facade systems over the last decade, and, with the help of tables and graphics, investigates their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, a detailed comparison is made between double skin faade systems. The results of the study show that the greatest advantage (95%) of double skin facade systems is their provision of natural ventilation. Other advantages are highlighted according to their percentage as follows: An increase in interaction between user and environment because of the high proportion of transparency, support of heat and sound insulation, reduction in heat transmission and solar heat gain coefficient, an increase in thermal comfort, allowance of solar control elements between the two facade spaces, and protection of these elements from external environment conditions. The most commonly accepted disadvantage (72%) is overheating in the air space of the two facades. Other disadvantages are highlighted according to their percentage as follows: Problems related to a decrease in the amount of daylight entering the building, high investment costs, additional maintenance and repair costs, fire, and acoustic problems. In our country, architectural design decisions related to overheating must be taken so as to provide a positive contribution to energy performance and the applicability of these systems.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 4
    Impact of Window-To Surface Area for Different Window Glass Types and Wall Orientations on Building Energy Performance: a Case Study for a School Building Located in Izmir, Turkey
    (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2011) Yildiz, Yusuf; Ozbalta, Trkan Goksal; Arsan, Zeynep Durmus
    The opaque and transparent surfaces of buildings have an important role in the total percentage of energy loss or gain. Heat loss or gain from windows are dependent on the window-to-wall area ratio, the window glass type, and the type of window frame used. In the concept of energy efficient design, heat loss or gain from windows should be analyzed in detail in the early stages of building design by considering local climatic conditions. This study investigates a school building located in Izmir in Turkey, a city with a hot and humid climate. Various glass types with different glazing characteristics and number of layers, located in different parts of the buildings and with different window-to-wall ratios are analyzed and compared using building the energy analysis program "EnergyPlus". Results indicate that window-to-wall area ratios, wall orientation and glass types are important factors in the building's total energy consumption. When the window-to-wall area ratio is increased from 10% to 60%, the winter heating load of the building decreases in maximum amount on the south side of the building and reduces in minimum amount on the east side of the building. When summer cooling load is investigated the highest increase in energy consumption is found on the south side of the building. On the eastern and western sides of the building the effect of increased energy consumption value remains low. When the total energy consumption (cooling + heating) is considered, it is calculated that the east and west sides have the biggest total effect and the northern wall has the smallest total effect. When low emissivity glass is used instead of double layer glass, in terms of energy consumption the building side order of effect remains the same, although actual values differ. It is therefore clear that using energy analysis programs to analyse different factors within the energy consumption of buildings will be beneficial in creating energy efficient solutions. This can be carried out in the earlier stages of the architectural design of the buildings or at the renovation stages of existing buildings.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 7
    Investigation of Educational Buildings in Terms of Daylighting Performance
    (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2011) Erlalelitepe, Ilknur; Aral, Duygu; Kazanasmaz, Tugce
    Educational buildings have the priority among other building types in daylight performance studies. There are several reasons for this. Classrooms which are used during the whole day should have sufficient and homogeneously distributed daylight. In insufficient daylight conditions, the use of electrical lighting increases energy consumption. Users' visual comfort should also be assured, and design incorporating natural light requires the analysis of sun protection devices in order to avoid glare and excessive heat. Also, atriums and skylights can be included in the building design with the aim of distributing light equally and in a relatively balanced manner throughout the building. However, lighting schemes are often proposed by architects and professionals who tend to make use of different design tools, and it would be pertinent to investigate whether these tools perform as desired. This study analyses daylight design principles and design elements in educational buildings. It outlines the method which has been used to analyse the daylight performance of buildings. A university building was selected for the field study. Measurements were taken in sample spaces to determine daylight performance. Utilising comparison between standard values and measured values, findings are presented in the form of tables, drawings and figures.
  • Article
    A Fuzzy Logic Model To Classify Design Efficiency of Nursing Unit Floors
    (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2010) Kazanasmaz, Tugce; Tayfur, Gokmen
    This study was conducted to determine classifications for the planimetric design efficiency of certain public hospitals by developing a fuzzy logic algorithm. Utilizing primary areas and circulation areas from nursing unit floor plans, the study employed triangular membership functions for the fuzzy subsets. The input variables of primary areas per bed and circulation areas per bed were fuzzified in this model. The relationship between input variables and output variable of design efficiency were displayed as a result of fuzzy rules. To test existing nursing unit floors, efficiency output values were obtained and efficiency classes were constructed by this model in accordance with general norms, guidelines and previous studies. The classification of efficiency resulted from the comparison of hospitals.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    The Development of Western-Type Large-Scale Consumption Areas in Turkey and Legal and Structural Regulation Efforts in Urban Retail Environments
    (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2009) Kompil, Mert; Celik, Murat
    The retail sector has been experiencing a rapid and continuous change worldwide. There have also been profound changes in Turkey, especially after the 1980s. Both the retail sector and the urban retail environments have been altered radically. One of the most significant indicators of this change is the proliferation of western-type large-scale retail developments. Past experiences in developed countries have shown that the uncontrolled development of large-scale retail areas results in some undesired socioeconomic and physical outcomes, such as decline in the cultural and commercial activities of city centers, damage in existing retail workforce structure, and change in local retail hierarchy, nearby land uses, traffic loads and original architectural identity. Many countries have put into practice restrictive and regulatory policies to prevent these negative effects. As similar transformations have also been realized in Turkish retail environments, many institutions think that similar legal regulations must be implemented in Turkey as well. The present study investigates the ongoing retail change within the Turkish context, explores the legal and structural regulatory policies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, and critically discusses the appropriate retail regulation policies for Turkey.
  • Article
    Efficient Design of Nursing Unit Floors
    (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2009) Kazanasmaz, Z. Tugce; Duzgunes, Arda
    Hospital designs aim to obtain the lowest possible construction, maintenance and operational costs together with patient satisfaction, comfort and privacy. To satisfy these needs, the efficient design of nursing unit areas becomes considerably important. This study was thus conducted to analyze planimetric design efficiency of nursing unit floors by defining certain floor areas and floor area ratios. To test existing nursing unit floors, quantitative assessments were noted in regard to their planimetric efficiency: the utility value of the built floor area, both in terms of its allocation to patient space (served), support (serving) and circulation space and the relative proportions of these. Results were presented in a comparative table. Of the 15 hospital floor plans analyzed, five satisfied minimum space requirements for patient areas, while another five were in the optimum range for circulation areas. Two were defined as the least efficient, having the lowest patient-to-circulation area ratio.