Architecture / Mimarlık
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Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 17Optimizing Thermal Comfort in Physical Exercise Spaces: A Study of Spatial and Thermal Factors(Elsevier, 2024) Avcı, A.B.; Balci, G.A.; Başaran, T.Fitness centers have become famous for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They require different thermal comfort conditions and higher fresh air supply rates than other indoor spaces. However, even well-designed centers may cause discomfort due to factors such as design decisions, ventilation, overheating, and overcrowding. The standards for fitness centers do not consider these specific requirements sufficiently, so this study focuses on understanding the thermal comfort requirements during physical exercise and evaluating spatial and thermal factors affecting the thermal environment around the body. The study investigated the ceiling height, lateral and frontal distances between machines, and vent locations as spatial factors and inlet temperature and air velocity as thermal factors. A thirty-minute moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise test was conducted in a controlled climatic chamber using a cycle ergometer with six healthy male participants. The experiment conditions were simulated in CFD software using the collected data. Once a validated simulation model was provided, computational models for different environmental and spatial scenarios for the five-person cycling class were generated. Using Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal arrays method, nine spatial scenarios were simulated with three different thermal operations each. Optimal factor levels were determined by using thermal comfort conditions (based on predicted mean vote) around the body's thermal plume. The results showed that a ceiling height of 5 m, lateral and frontal distances of 1 m and 0.5 m between machines, and Type 2 (two inlets mounted on the ceiling) ventilation strategy were optimal for achieving better thermal comfort values in a thermal condition of 18 °C and 0.2 m·s−1. The study found that increasing the ceiling height and using cross-positioned vents that project air vertically from the ceiling improved the comfort conditions significantly. It is expected that these criteria, which were determined, compared with the standards and detailed, will contribute to the production processes of comfortable exercise spaces. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Book Part 1960s Tax Law and Non-Muslim Exodus From Istanbul: Turkification of the City(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Akpınar, İpekThis chapter discusses the urban consequences of the expulsion of Istanbul Greeks in 1964. It demonstrates the urban impact of the 16 March 1964 decree that terminated the residence of 12, 000 Greek passport holders in Istanbul (a population of 40, 000 with their relatives), who were given 24 hours to leave the city and allowed to carry only 20 kilograms of belongings or US$22 with them. The event also alarmed many other non-Muslim families to emigrate from Istanbul, while the city was receiving a large influx of immigrants from rural lands due to the growing industrialization and urbanization. Akpinar discusses the urban planning interventions in Istanbul under the Menderes and subsequent governments throughout the 1950s and 1960s as ad-hoc or intentional steps toward Turkification, in which discrimination and the resulting emigration of Istanbul Greeks played a significant part. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Esra Akcan and Iftikhar Dadi; individual chapters, the contributors.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Literature Review on Smart Windows in Terms of Daylight Performance, Visual Comfort and Human Perception(IEEE, 2023) Coğul, Ilgın; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe glazing properties of a place affect the lighting conditions and the quality of the indoor environment. These conditions influence occupants' visual comfort and perception. Thus, the design of the glazing component becomes more of an issue. With the emerging smart window technologies, the design options have expanded. These technologies have been investigated mainly in terms of energy performance. This paper presents a literature review of smart windows and their performance on visual comfort and human perception. Experimental studies that conducted measurements or surveys in this field are evaluated. The results of the study showed that with the growing technology of smart windows, it is possible to increase visual comfort and human satisfaction indoors. However, there are performance deficiencies that create particular problems for occupants. The aim of this paper is to collect the studies on smart glazing in terms of visual comfort and human perception and bring out the potential of smart window technologies for human-centric indoors. © 2023 IEEE.Article Fab Labs To Fab Cities: Exploring Innovative Urban Spaces in İzmir(2022) Keskin Tunç, Eylem; Gürman, AysuThis study focuses on fabrication laboratories (fab labs) that provide user-oriented innovative urban spaces to meet advanced technologies and city dwellers who can share their knowledge in solving local problems. The aim is to explore the potential of fab labs as a part of smart city initiatives to develop the fab city by creating a network for collective knowledge and technology-enabled production in collaboration with local communities, companies, NGOs, and institutions. The opted methodology is to examine several fab labs as innovative and creative spaces in İzmir to evaluate their potential role in the development of the fab city. Fab labs might improve the organizational gap between local governments and inhabitants in developing innovative and sustainable solutions. This paper fulfills the lack of systematic research on fab labs; how they relate to smart city initiatives, evolving into fab cities, and obtaining and implementing the know-how of fab cities’ global knowledge.Article Citizen Science Projects in the Context of Participatory Approaches: the Case of Izmir(2023) Özden, Pelin; Velibeyoğlu, KorayThe term "citizen science" refers to scientific activity done entirely or in part by members of the public, frequently in cooperation with or under the guidance of licensed scientists. To better manage natural resources, monitor endangered species, and maintain protected areas, decision-makers, and non-governmental organizations increasingly turn to citizen science-based programs. A broad field, citizen science, offers numerous strategies for involving volunteers in research in various ways while including a whole range of research methodologies. Thus far, citizen science initiatives have been successful in advancing scientific understanding, and the advancements made by citizen scientists give a significant amount of data globally. The subject of citizen science is spreading rapidly, and its legitimacy is increasing. It also involves enhancing scientific research by utilizing a variety of subjects and data sources. Citizen science has the potential to increase stakeholder engagement, bring in new perspectives, and foster new forms of participation. Also, many initiatives are being developed in cutting-edge scientific fields. These programs now aim to solve an urgent issue or provide an answer to a research question while simultaneously enhancing community participation in science and influencing long-term policy implementation. The study utilizes to examine the citizen science projects in Izmir, Turkey according to the concepts and categorizations in the literature review in a systematic way to understand their participation levels and their potential.Article Citation - WoS: 3Examining the Effect of Learning Environment on Student Behaviour Through Comparison of Face-To and Online Design Studio(2023) Doğan, Ceren; Yılmaz, EbruCovid-19 pandemic has affected the field of education, and transition to the distance learning has led to changes in the learning environment and pedagogical transformations. In this process, design studios, which are the basis of architectural education, were also maintained on online platforms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the rapid learning environment change in the architectural design studio due to the Covid-19 pandemic on student behaviour. Examining students’ holistic perspectives and behaviours based on their experience in face- to-face design studios and online design studios, this research attempts to reveal the potential and challenges of face-to-face and online studios. In this study, students’ behavioural changes regarding face-to-face studio and online studio were measured using the survey method, and these two learning environments were interpreted over six themes (peer learning, socially mediated learning, self-efficacy, self-regulation, motivation, and communication with the instructor) by using the survey results, the course structure and the theoretical framework. The findings reveal that change in the learning environment affects student behaviour and that face-to-face design studios and online design studios have different potentials and limitations. In addition, the course structure of the face-to-face studio and online studio, the tools and methods used in learning, the way of communication and collaboration vary depending on the structure of the learning environment. This study reveals that the face-to-face design studio is a learning environment where the social structure of the studio is developed, peer learning is supported, and methods such as physical model and hand-sketching are used as well as digital tools during communication with the instructor. It shows that the most important potentials of the online studio are that it offers a flexible learning environment, does not have time and place restrictions, allows for cross-cultural and inter-institutional collaboration, and supports self-study. As a result, the research shows that online studio experiences gained during the pandemic period can offer the opportunity to create blended learning environments by adding online features to the traditional face-to-face studio.Conference Object The Effect of Lap-Splice Configuration on Seismic Performance of Substandard Rc Columns(fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2022) Baltacı, Alihan; Gündoğan, Safiye; Demir, Uğur; İlki, AlperA considerable amount of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in developing countries possess vital deficiencies such as incorporating poor quality of concrete and insufficient transverse reinforcement, and use of plain reinforcing bars without proper detailing, such as inadequate configurations of lap-splices at critical plastic hinging zones. While these can affect the strength and ductility of structural members adversely under seismic actions, research on such substandard structural members is scarce. As such, further information is valuable for the assessment of the seismic safety of such substandard columns constructed with inadequate lap-splice configurations of plain round bars. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different lap-splice configurations of plain bars on the seismic performance of substandard RC columns and contribute to the development of assessment codes for such existing substandard buildings. Towards this aim, three full-scale columns were constructed to represent typical characteristics of substandard RC columns. The columns were subjected to constant axial loading (with an axial load to capacity ratio of 0.3) and reversed cyclic displacement reversals simultaneously representing gravity loads and seismic actions, respectively. The test program included i) one reference column with continuous longitudinal bars (no lap-spliced connection), ii) one lap-spliced column with an overlap length of 20 times the longitudinal bar diameter without any hook and iii) one lap-spliced column with an overlap length of 20 times the longitudinal bar diameter with a 180-degree hook. Test results demonstrated that columns with lap-splices did not reach their flexural strength and experienced more remarkable strength degradation with respect to the column reinforced with continuous longitudinal bars. On the other hand, presence of a 180-degree hook at the ends of spliced bars reduced the negative influence of inadequate lap-splice length in terms of strength and ductility.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Lighting Quality and Work Performance Based on Glazing Types and Dynamic Led Lighting(IEEE, 2022) Köse, Fatma Büşra; Tayfur, Gökmen; Duran, Hasan Engin; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe combination of daylight characteristics and LED lighting quantities determines offices' visual environment. Lighting conditions can influence office workers' health and work performance. This study is an experimental one containing lighting measurements in two offices, subjective performance tests, and questionnaires to find out how work performance, lighting preferences, and satisfaction with lighting quality modify in terms of various glass types and dynamic LED lighting quantities. Glass types have strong impacts on contrast tests on paper and luminance which are corresponding to work performance. Regarding lighting quality, it strongly relates to the homogeneity of light, the impression of artificial light and the perception of objects' textures and color, contrast balance between paper and the surrounding. When the glass was modified in offices, we observed that participants preferred to change the CCT setting of LED by remote control, and in relation to that the eye-level illuminance and SPDs showed significant changes. So, the findings depicted the importance of the choice of glass types concerning LED lighting settings in terms of the above variables.Article Citation - WoS: 1Children in Urban Environments: a Case Study From a Dense Neighbourhood in Izmir-Turkey(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Dikmen Güleryüz, Oylum; Doğan, Fehmi; Kasalı, AltuğThe aim of this study is to understand children's engagement with their urban outdoor environments in Izmir-Turkey, a city with a high urbanisation rate, and to explore the factors that affect their outdoor preferences outside of their school time. The study consists of a field study conducted in a densely populated middle-income neighbourhood. Participants are fourth-grade children from a state-run primary school aged 9-11 years (n=44) and their parents (n=40). The study followed a multi-methodological approach, employing questionnaires, drawing and story writing tasks as data collection methods. Results of the study showed the strong tendency to prefer outdoors during their free time even when their neighbourhood is a high-density urban settlement with limited opportunities for outdoor activities. In the studied neighbourhood, most of the participants mentioned the schoolyard over other locations as their preferred place fin- outdoor play. Other than the schoolyard, the children mainly reported familiar places in their neighbourhoods, close to their local environments which were also depicted in their drawings and described in their stories. From the perspectives of urban designers and policy-makers, the findings of the study highlight aspects to be concerned about opportunities for outdoor play in high-density and urbanised central neighbourhoods.Article Embodied Cognition and Critique of Cartesian Dualism in Design Learning(2020) Yazıcı, GizemThis research explores the relationship between mind and body in the design learning environment. The research focuses on design learning, embodied cognition, mind-body relationship and Cartesian dualism. In the research, the role of embodied cognition in design learning process is drawn attention. The traditional mind-body dualism of Cartesian theory is criticized by embodied cognition in design learning. In the design learning process, it is pointed out that the mind-body dualism of the Cartesian theory becomes dysfunctional. In this research, the concept of reflection-in-action is considered as a type of design learning. It is explained how the epistemological origins of this concept reject Cartesian theory. In this research, mind-body-environment harmony and embodied cognition which are used in reflection-in-action, is explained as the solution of the design problem which has an ‘ill-defined’ problem type. As a result of the research, the importance of mind-bodyenvironment harmony in design learning process is emphasized. Moreover, it is pointed out that the embodied cognition which occurs with this harmony is an important parameter in the design learning process. Finally, it is possible to conclude that in design learning process, embodied cognition rejects Cartesian dualism, and thus the distinction between theory and practice.