Architecture / Mimarlık
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/24
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Article An Analysis of Visitors’ Perceptions of Shopping Malls †(MDPI, 2023) Çavka, Hasan BurakShopping malls have been a significant part of our daily lives for decades. Their significance is derived from the use of these spaces based on great numbers of people, as well as the role malls play in culture. On the other hand, the design of malls has been constantly evolving according to the needs of users and the market. This study is based on survey data that we collected from ninety visitors of a shopping mall located in Izmir, Turkiye. Through the survey, we collected data on topics such as the participants’ visit frequency and reasons for visiting the mall, architectural and spatial features they favor and/or dislike, their opinions on where they perceive malls in everyday life, and their opinions on alternative spaces to malls. The data collection was finalized right before the pandemic, which significantly changed the way we think about public spaces, as well as malls, in relation to architecture. Analyzing collected data provides further insight into surveyed customers’ perception of spaces, the design of shopping malls, the use of the space, the preferred design features, as well as design features that drive customers away from the mall. The analysis was later compared and linked to studies in the literature. These research findings have the potential to be used in studies that evaluate mall design and space use, as well as in studies that compare the post-pandemic perception of spaces and the use of shopping malls. © 2023 by the author.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 17Optimizing Thermal Comfort in Physical Exercise Spaces: A Study of Spatial and Thermal Factors(Elsevier, 2024) Avcı, A.B.; Balci, G.A.; Başaran, T.Fitness centers have become famous for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They require different thermal comfort conditions and higher fresh air supply rates than other indoor spaces. However, even well-designed centers may cause discomfort due to factors such as design decisions, ventilation, overheating, and overcrowding. The standards for fitness centers do not consider these specific requirements sufficiently, so this study focuses on understanding the thermal comfort requirements during physical exercise and evaluating spatial and thermal factors affecting the thermal environment around the body. The study investigated the ceiling height, lateral and frontal distances between machines, and vent locations as spatial factors and inlet temperature and air velocity as thermal factors. A thirty-minute moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise test was conducted in a controlled climatic chamber using a cycle ergometer with six healthy male participants. The experiment conditions were simulated in CFD software using the collected data. Once a validated simulation model was provided, computational models for different environmental and spatial scenarios for the five-person cycling class were generated. Using Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal arrays method, nine spatial scenarios were simulated with three different thermal operations each. Optimal factor levels were determined by using thermal comfort conditions (based on predicted mean vote) around the body's thermal plume. The results showed that a ceiling height of 5 m, lateral and frontal distances of 1 m and 0.5 m between machines, and Type 2 (two inlets mounted on the ceiling) ventilation strategy were optimal for achieving better thermal comfort values in a thermal condition of 18 °C and 0.2 m·s−1. The study found that increasing the ceiling height and using cross-positioned vents that project air vertically from the ceiling improved the comfort conditions significantly. It is expected that these criteria, which were determined, compared with the standards and detailed, will contribute to the production processes of comfortable exercise spaces. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Article Accessibility in Intensive Care Units: a Qualitative Study on Exploring Architects’ Perspective(İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2023) Khoojıne, Negar Sioofy; Kasalı, Altuğ; Bayar, Mualla ErkılıçThisstudyaddresseshealthcaredesigners’perspectivesconcerningthearchitectural features within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) environments that can impact visual and physical access to patients. In line with patient-centered approaches, providing accessible environments in ICUs is becoming increasingly critical for healthcare providers. The existing literature suggests various architectural features to influence levels of access to patients. How architects prioritize these features and translate them into the configuration of ICU environments has not been explored extensively. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the perspectives of healthcare architects in the context of Turkey. The interviews were conducted with twelve participants with recent experiences in ICU design. The research followed a thematic analysis to link the qualitative data with the participants’ drawings that emerged during interviews. Five essential themes emerged, including: “Unit Model,” “Unit Layout,” “Unit Size,” “Bed Position,” and “Transparent Material.” The participants implied configurational models, including “open ward” and “single-patient room,” to facilitate high levels of accessibility. Beyond the key decisions concerning layouts, the participants also emphasized the strategic use of transparent materials, which was considered critical in establishing visual access within units. The findings suggest that healthcare architects mostly favor open wards as a suitable model to provide high levels of physical access by decreasing nurses’ walking distances during shifts and visual accessibility by enhancing nurses’ capacity to supervise the patients within ICU environments. The findings can advance our understanding of how the issue of access is formulated and implemented in ICU settings.Book Part 1960s Tax Law and Non-Muslim Exodus From Istanbul: Turkification of the City(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Akpınar, İpekThis chapter discusses the urban consequences of the expulsion of Istanbul Greeks in 1964. It demonstrates the urban impact of the 16 March 1964 decree that terminated the residence of 12, 000 Greek passport holders in Istanbul (a population of 40, 000 with their relatives), who were given 24 hours to leave the city and allowed to carry only 20 kilograms of belongings or US$22 with them. The event also alarmed many other non-Muslim families to emigrate from Istanbul, while the city was receiving a large influx of immigrants from rural lands due to the growing industrialization and urbanization. Akpinar discusses the urban planning interventions in Istanbul under the Menderes and subsequent governments throughout the 1950s and 1960s as ad-hoc or intentional steps toward Turkification, in which discrimination and the resulting emigration of Istanbul Greeks played a significant part. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Esra Akcan and Iftikhar Dadi; individual chapters, the contributors.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Decoding and Predicting the Attributes of Urban Public Spaces With Soft Computing Models and Space Syntax Approaches(Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2023) Yönder, Veli Mustafa; Doğan, Fehmi; Çavka, Hasan Burak; Tayfur, Gökmen; Dülgeroğlu, ÖzümPeople spend a considerable amount of time in public spaces for a variety of reasons, albeit at various times of the day and during season. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for both urban designers and local authorities to try to gain an understanding of the architectural qualities of these spaces. Within the scope of this study, squares and green parks in Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey, were analyzed in terms of their dimensions, landscape characteristics, the quality of their semi-open spaces, their landmarks, accessibility, and overall aesthetic quality. Using linear predictor, general regression neural networks, multilayer feed-forward neural networks (2-3-4-5-6 nodes), and genetic algorithms, soft computing models were trained in accordance with the results of the conducted analyses. Meanwhile, using space syntax methodologies, a visibility graph analysis and axial map analysis were conducted. The training results (i.e., root mean square error, mean absolute error, bad prediction rates for testing and training phases, and standard deviation of absolute error) were obtained in a comparative table based on training times and root mean square error values. According to the benchmarking table, the network that most accurately predicts the aesthetic score is the 2-node MLFNN, whereas the 6-node MLFN network is the least successful network. © 2023, Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. All rights reserved.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Literature Review on Smart Windows in Terms of Daylight Performance, Visual Comfort and Human Perception(IEEE, 2023) Coğul, Ilgın; Kazanasmaz, Zehra TuğçeThe glazing properties of a place affect the lighting conditions and the quality of the indoor environment. These conditions influence occupants' visual comfort and perception. Thus, the design of the glazing component becomes more of an issue. With the emerging smart window technologies, the design options have expanded. These technologies have been investigated mainly in terms of energy performance. This paper presents a literature review of smart windows and their performance on visual comfort and human perception. Experimental studies that conducted measurements or surveys in this field are evaluated. The results of the study showed that with the growing technology of smart windows, it is possible to increase visual comfort and human satisfaction indoors. However, there are performance deficiencies that create particular problems for occupants. The aim of this paper is to collect the studies on smart glazing in terms of visual comfort and human perception and bring out the potential of smart window technologies for human-centric indoors. © 2023 IEEE.Article Citation - Scopus: 6Revealing the Climate-Responsive Strategies of Traditional Houses of Urla, İzmir(Sustainable Building Research Center, 2023) Avcı, A.B.; Beyhan, Ş.G.Vernacular houses possess significant climate-responsive properties due to the accumulated information from the trial-and-error method. Therefore, the traditional houses of a region can guide new buildings in terms of adaptation to the climate. The study focuses on the climate-responsive properties of vernacular houses of Urla, İzmir. The study aims to reveal the specific strategies of the traditional houses of Urla in response to the hot and humid Aegean climate. Relating to this purpose, Postane Street, which is among the significant historic streets of the town, is selected as the case area to evaluate the vernacular houses of Urla. The research method is based on the climate-responsive strategies determined from the literature review in the first part. These criteria include “orientation to the sun and wind, the effect of direct sunlight and shading strategy, building envelope and form, interior space organization, integration of greenery, building materials, and roof strategy”. Climate Consultant and Design Builder Software were used to prepare the psychrometric graph and shading regime visualizations. The study showed that the climate-responsive strategies of the street’s vernacular houses are shaped to avoid excessive heat gain in the climate of Urla. The research results are expected to guide sustainable design applications in the same area. © International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development.Article Citation - Scopus: 6A Field Study on Adaptive Thermal Comfort in a Naturally Ventilated Design Studio Class in the Post-Pandemic Period(Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, 2022) Pekdoğan, Tuğçe; Avcı, Ali BerkayDesign studios are where design students spend most of their time learning theory and practices. For this reason, thermal comfort conditions in studios are crucial to provide a suitable environment for education. Especially in the post-pandemic period, thermal comfort conditions have become more critical in educational buildings. The present study focuses on the adaptive thermal comfort condition in an architectural design studio in the Mediterranean climate of Izmir/Turkey. The study aims to evaluate the comfort conditions of the students and determine the effect of mask use on thermal sensation in the post-pandemic period. For this purpose, air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity measurements were collected during the studio hours in the spring semester when the heating and cooling systems were not working. Additionally, a thermal sensation survey was conducted with 42 students. The results showed that the thermal comfort level was within the 90% acceptability limits according to the ASHRAE Standard-55. According to the survey results, the use of masks by the students did not have a significant effect on thermal perception. © 2022, Alam Cipta. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation - Scopus: 2Indoor Air Co2 Concentrations and Ventilation Rates in Two Residences in İzmir, Turkey(Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Taşer, Aybüke; Uçaryılmaz, Sedef; Çataroğlu, Ilgın; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilHouses are the places where people spend most of their time. That is why indoor air quality at home is essential for public health. Sufficient ventilation is the factor to avoid accumulation of pollutants in indoor air, which include microorganisms, such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, adequate ventilation is needed to provide good indoor air quality for human health and reduce infection risk at home. There are no reports of residential ventilation rates in Turkey. In this study, CO2 concentrations were measured in two residences in Izmir, Turkey. Three experiments were conducted to determine background concentrations and the rate of natural ventilation with infiltration and opening windows. Results show that air exchange provided by infiltration is low for both case rooms, while adequate ventilation could be achieved with natural ventilation under the studied conditions. Infiltration provided air exchange and ventilation rates of 0.18 h-1 and 5.9 m3/h for Case 1 and 0.29 h-1 and 8.23 m3/h for Case 2, respectively. Air exchange and ventilation rates were increased to 2.36 h-1 and 76.9 m3/h for Case 1 and 1.2 h-1 and 34 m3/h for Case 2, respectively, by opening the windows. Although ventilation can be provided by opening the windows, the other factors that determine its rate, e.g., meteorological variables, cannot be controlled by the occupants. Consequently, people cannot ensure the good indoor air quality in bedrooms and sufficient reduction in transmission of pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, risk of spreading diseases such as COVID-19 at home.Conference Object The Effect of Lap-Splice Configuration on Seismic Performance of Substandard Rc Columns(fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2022) Baltacı, Alihan; Gündoğan, Safiye; Demir, Uğur; İlki, AlperA considerable amount of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in developing countries possess vital deficiencies such as incorporating poor quality of concrete and insufficient transverse reinforcement, and use of plain reinforcing bars without proper detailing, such as inadequate configurations of lap-splices at critical plastic hinging zones. While these can affect the strength and ductility of structural members adversely under seismic actions, research on such substandard structural members is scarce. As such, further information is valuable for the assessment of the seismic safety of such substandard columns constructed with inadequate lap-splice configurations of plain round bars. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different lap-splice configurations of plain bars on the seismic performance of substandard RC columns and contribute to the development of assessment codes for such existing substandard buildings. Towards this aim, three full-scale columns were constructed to represent typical characteristics of substandard RC columns. The columns were subjected to constant axial loading (with an axial load to capacity ratio of 0.3) and reversed cyclic displacement reversals simultaneously representing gravity loads and seismic actions, respectively. The test program included i) one reference column with continuous longitudinal bars (no lap-spliced connection), ii) one lap-spliced column with an overlap length of 20 times the longitudinal bar diameter without any hook and iii) one lap-spliced column with an overlap length of 20 times the longitudinal bar diameter with a 180-degree hook. Test results demonstrated that columns with lap-splices did not reach their flexural strength and experienced more remarkable strength degradation with respect to the column reinforced with continuous longitudinal bars. On the other hand, presence of a 180-degree hook at the ends of spliced bars reduced the negative influence of inadequate lap-splice length in terms of strength and ductility.