Secondary Metabolites From Marine Derived Actinobacteria and Their Bioactivities
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Can, Özge
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Abstract
Aktinobakteriler, antibakteriyel ve antikanser bileşikler dahil olmak üzere birçok biyoaktif ikincil metabolit üretebilmesi açısından dikkat çekmektedir. Bu tez kapsamında, İzmir (Türkiye) Ilıca Körfezi'nden Aktinobakteri olduğu öngörülen bakteriler izole edilerek antimikrobiyal potansiyelleri ortaya konmuştur. On iki izolatın fermantasyon sıvıları etil asetat ile ekstre edilerek, disk difüzyon testi ile seçilen patojenlere karşı (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ve Candida albicans) taranmıştır. İzolatların çoğunluğu en az bir patojene karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. Elde edilen izolatların morfolojik özelliklerine dayanarak Streptomyces üyeleri oldukları düşünülmüştür. Antimikrobiyal potansiyel ve ikincil metabolit profillerine dayanarak, 35M1 izolatı ileri çalışmalar için seçilmiştir. İlgili izolatın tüm genom dizilim (WGS) analizi sonucu türü Streptomyces sp. 35M1 olarak netleştirilmiş ve DDBJ/ENA/GenBank sistemine kaydedilmiştir (Erişim numarası: JBCLWP010000000). Preparatif ölçekli fermantasyonu takiben biyoaktivite rehberli izolasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş, beş bileşik saflaştırılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bu bileşikler; Actinomycin D (ActD), Actinomycin X2 (ActX2), Actinomycin XOβ (ActXOβ), Collismycin A (ColA) ve Collismycin C (ColC) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sonrasında, ilgili moleküllerin antibiyofilm etkileri araştırılmış ve ActD ile ActX2'nin Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes ve Staphylococcus epidermidis 'e karşı biyofilm inhibitör etkileri olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak, yeterli miktarda bulunan bileşikler ile (ActD, ActX2 ve ActXOβ) bir sinerjizm çalışması yapılmıştır. ActD ile Nalidiksik asit ve ActX2 ile Ampisilin, Nalidiksik asit ve Rifampisin kombinasyonları, gram-negatif E. coli 'ye karşı sinerjik etki göstermiş ve bu durum literatürde ilk kez rapor edilmiştir.
Actinobacteria is noteworthy for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites, including antibacterial and anticancer compounds. Within the scope of this thesis, Actinobacteria were isolated from Ilıca Bay of Izmir (Turkey) to reveal their antimicrobial potential. Fermentation broths of twelve isolates were extracted with ethyl acetate and screened versus selected pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) via disc diffusion assay. Most isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen. The isolates were suggested to be Streptomyces members based on their morphological characteristics. Based on its antimicrobial potency and secondary metabolite profile, isolate (35M1) was selected for further studies. A whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of the isolate clarified its identity as Streptomyces sp. 35M1, deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank (Accession number: JBCLWP010000000). A preparative scale fermentation followed by a bioactivity-guided isolation study resulted in the purification and characterization of five compounds, which were identified as Actinomycin D (ActD), Actinomycin X2 (ActX2), Actinomycin XOβ (ActXOβ), Collismycin A (ColA) and Collismycin C (ColC). Further, antibiofilm effects were investigated, revealing that ActD and ActX2 had biofilm inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lastly, a synergism study was conducted with the compounds in good quantity (ActD, ActX2, and ActXOβ). ActD with Nalidixic acid and ActX2 with Ampicillin, Nalidixic acid, and Rifampicin demonstrated synergistic effects against gram-negative E. coli, being reported first time in the literature.
Actinobacteria is noteworthy for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites, including antibacterial and anticancer compounds. Within the scope of this thesis, Actinobacteria were isolated from Ilıca Bay of Izmir (Turkey) to reveal their antimicrobial potential. Fermentation broths of twelve isolates were extracted with ethyl acetate and screened versus selected pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) via disc diffusion assay. Most isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen. The isolates were suggested to be Streptomyces members based on their morphological characteristics. Based on its antimicrobial potency and secondary metabolite profile, isolate (35M1) was selected for further studies. A whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of the isolate clarified its identity as Streptomyces sp. 35M1, deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank (Accession number: JBCLWP010000000). A preparative scale fermentation followed by a bioactivity-guided isolation study resulted in the purification and characterization of five compounds, which were identified as Actinomycin D (ActD), Actinomycin X2 (ActX2), Actinomycin XOβ (ActXOβ), Collismycin A (ColA) and Collismycin C (ColC). Further, antibiofilm effects were investigated, revealing that ActD and ActX2 had biofilm inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lastly, a synergism study was conducted with the compounds in good quantity (ActD, ActX2, and ActXOβ). ActD with Nalidixic acid and ActX2 with Ampicillin, Nalidixic acid, and Rifampicin demonstrated synergistic effects against gram-negative E. coli, being reported first time in the literature.
Description
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Bioengineering, Izmir, 2024
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 101-116).
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 101-116).
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English
Keywords
Actinomycin, Actinobacteria, Antibacterial agents, Plant metabolites, Streptomyces, Microbiology
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