Chemistry / Kimya
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4072
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Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 21Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigations of Strontium Ions Retention by Natural Kaolinite and Clinoptilolite Minerals(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2005) Akar, Dilek; Shahwan, Talal; Eroğlu, Ahmet EminThe current study was devoted to the determination of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters resulting from the fixation of Sr2+ by natural samples of kaolinite and clinoptilolite minerals. The sorption process followed pseudo second order kinetics, with faster sorption on kaolinite compared to clinoptilolite, where the uptake is affected by intraparticle diffusion. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models described the data more adequately than Langmuir model, and clinoptilolite showed a higher strontium sorption capacity than kaolinite. Thermodynamically, the activation energy of Sr2+ sorption by kaolinite and clinoptilolite were respectively, -8.5 and -18.4 kJ/mol. The sorption process on both minerals was spontaneous and endothermic at all the studied concentrations, with ΔH° being 11.3 and 9.8 kJ/mol, for sorption on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, respectively. The findings of this study were compared with those of an earlier study on the uptake of Cs+ by the same minerals.Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 29Characterization of Sr2+ Uptake on Natural Minerals of Kaolinite and Magnesite Using Xrpd, Sem/Eds, Xps, and Drift(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2005) Shahwan, Talal; Erten, Hasan N.The sorption behavior of Sr2+ ions on natural minerals rich in kaolinite and magnesite was studied using SEM/EDS, XPS, XRPD, AAS/AES and DRIFT techniques. Quantitative analysis of the XPS data shows that magnesite is more effective in Sr2+ uptake than kaolinite. DRIFT spectra and XRPD patterns indicate that the structures of both minerals were not affected upon Sr2+ sorption. Intercalation of DMSO in kaolinite lamellae aiming at increasing the interlayer space did not significantly enhance the sorption capacity of the clay towards Sr2+ probably due to the lack of a negative charge on the accessible sites. EDS mapping indicated that while the sorbed Sr is equally distributed on surface of natural kaolinite, it was associated - to a larger extent - with the regions richer in Mg in the case of natural magnesite. Comparing the uptake mechanisms of natural magnesite with that of pure MgCO3, it was seen that while natural magnesite sorbed Sr2+ mainly through an ion exchange type mechanism, the formation of SrCO3 coprecipitate was detected on the surface of the MgCO 3 at higher loadings.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 4Tof-Sims Depth Profiling Analysis of the Uptake of Ba2+ and Co2+ Ions by Natural Kaolinite Clay(Elsevier Ltd., 2004) Shahwan, Talal; Erten, Hasan N.; Black, Leon; Allen, Geoffrey CharlesThe sorption behavior of Ba2+ and Co2+ ions on a natural clay sample rich in kaolinite was studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Depth profiling at 10-Å steps was performed up to a 70-Å matrix depth of the clay prior to and following sorption. The results showed that Co2+ is sorbed in slightly larger quantities than Ba2+, with significant numbers of ions fixed on the outermost surface of the clay. Depletion of the ions K+, Mg 2+, and Ca2+ from the clay lattice was observed to accompany enrichment with Co2+ and Ba2+ ions. The data obtained using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated insignificant structural and morphological changes in the lattice of the clay upon sorption of both Ba2+ and Co2+ ions. Analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the average atomic percentage (±S.D.) of Ba and Co on kaolinite surface were 0.49±0.11 and 0.61±0.19, respectively, indicating a limited uptake capacity of natural kaolinite for both ions.Article Citation - WoS: 50Citation - Scopus: 53Physicochemical Characterization of the Retardation of Aqueous Cs+ Ions by Natural Kaolinite and Clinoptilolite Minerals(Elsevier Ltd., 2005) Shahwan, Talal; Akar, Dilek; Eroğlu, Ahmet EminThe aim of this study was to carry out kinetic, thermodynamic, and surface characterization of the sorption of Cs+ ions on natural minerals of kaolinite and clinoptilolite. The results showed that sorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The activation energies were 9.5 and 13.9 kJ/mol for Cs+ sorption on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, respectively. Experiments performed at four different initial concentrations of the ion revealed that the percentage sorption of Cs+ on clinoptilolite ranged from 90 to 95, compared to 28 to 40 for the kaolinite case. At the end of a 1 week period, the percentage of Cs+ desorption from clinoptilolite did not exceed 7%, while it amounted to more than 30% in kaolinite, indicating more stable fixation by clinoptilolite. The sorption data were best described using Freundlich and D–R isotherm models. Sorption showed spontaneous and exothermic behavior on both minerals, with ΔH0 being −6.3 and −11.4 kJ/mol for Cs+ uptake by kaolinite and clinoptilolite, respectively. Expanding the kaolinite interlayer space from 0.71 to 1.12 nm using DMSO intercalation, did not yield a significant enhancement in the sorption capacity of kaolinite, indicating that the surface and edge sites of the clay are more energetically favored. EDS mapping and elemental analysis of the surface of kaolinite and clinoptilolite revealed more intense signals on the surface of the latter with an even distribution of sorbed Cs+ onto the surfaces of both minerals.Article Citation - WoS: 306Citation - Scopus: 345Synthesis and Characterization of Kaolinite-Supported Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles and Their Application for the Removal of Aqueous Cu2+ and Co2+ Ions(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Üzüm, Çağrı; Shahwan, Talal; Eroğlu, Ahmet Emin; Hallam, Keith R.; Scott, Thomas B.; Lieberwirth, IngoThis study reports the synthesis and characterization of nano-scale zero-valent iron in the presence of kaolinite clay (nZVI-kaol). The adsorbent, nZVI-kaol, was produced at initial Fe:kaolinite mass ratios of 1:1, 0.5:1, and 0.2:1. The presence of kaolinite resulted in decreased aggregation of iron nanoparticles, yielding composites with iso-electric points (IEPs) around 6.7–7.0. The reduction in Fe2+ precursor concentration appeared to decrease further the extent of aggregation and the size of individual nZVI particles. The synthesized nZVI-kaol materials were then tested for the removal of aqueous Cu2+ and Co2+ ions. The investigated parameters in the uptake experiments included volume/mass (V/M) ratio, initial concentrations of Cu2+ and Co2+ ions, contact time, pH, and repetitive application of the adsorbent. The adsorbents demonstrated high removal abilities towards both cations under the investigated conditions. Repetitive loading tests showed that significant removal could still be achieved at small concentrations by samples reused several times. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that while Co2+ was mainly fixed by the oxyhydroxyl groups of iron nanoparticles, Cu2+ ions were fixed by a redox mechanism, leading to the formation of Cu2O and Cu0.Article Citation - WoS: 43Citation - Scopus: 47Aas, Xrpd, Sem/Eds, and Ftir Characterization of Zn2+ Retention by Calcite, Calcite–kaolinite, and Calcite–clinoptilolite Minerals(Elsevier Ltd., 2005) Shahwan, Talal; Zünbül, Banu; Tunusoğlu, Özge; Eroğlu, Ahmet EminIn this study, the sorption behavior of Zn2+ on calcite, kaolinite, and clinoptilolite, in addition to mixtures of calcite with kaolinite and clinoptilolite, was investigated at various loadings and mixture compositions using atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. According to the obtained results, within the experimental operating conditions, the sorption capacity was enhanced with increasing amount of calcite in both types of mixtures. Under neutral–alkaline pH conditions and high loadings, the order of Zn2+ retention was observed as calcite > clinoptilolite > kaolinite. The experiments on the retention of Zn2+ by pure calcite under conditions of oversaturation showed that the uptake process proceeds via an initial adsorption mechanism (possibly ion-exchange type) followed by a slower mechanism that leads to the overgrowth of the hydrozincite phase, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2.Article Citation - WoS: 17Citation - Scopus: 18Effect of Magnesium Carbonate on the Uptake of Aqueous Zinc and Lead Ions by Natural Kaolinite and Clinoptilolite(Elsevier Ltd., 2005) Shahwan, Talal; Zünbül, Banu; Eroğlu, Ahmet Emin; Yılmaz, SinanAdsorption behavior of Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, originating from natural resources, was studied as a function of contact time and concentration. Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions are quickly adsorbed on both minerals and the uptake of the latter is more favored. The uptake of both ions was then examined on kaolinite–MgCO3 and clinoptilolite–MgCO3 mixtures over a metal ions range from 1 to 10 000 mg/L. The sorption behavior of Zn2+ and Pb2+ on pure MgCO3 was also studied. MgCO3 is much more effective in the retention of Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions, in particular at higher concentrations. The large increase in the retarded amounts of both ions was associated with formation of the hydroxy-carbonate phases; namely hydrozincite for Zn2+, and cerussite and hydrocerussite in the case of Pb2+.